27 



INJURY BY BARK AND WOOD BORING GRUBS. ORDER COLE- 

 OPTERA, FAMILIES BUPRESTLD^, CERAMBYCIDiE, AND MEL- 

 ANDRYIDiE. 



CASE 24. 



94. Buprestid. 



Work of flat-headed bark and wood miner in wood of dying balsam fir. 

 Exhibit: Work. 



95. The Destructive Spruce-Wood Borer (Tetropium tinnarnopterum Kirby) . 



A slender, round-headed, bark and wood boring grub which excavates winding 

 burrows through the inner bark and surface of the wood, then enters the sapwood and 

 changes to the adult. Infests slightly injured, declining, and recently felled red, black, 

 and white spruce. Maine to West Virginia. Common, and very destructive to the 

 wood of dying trees, and may also cause the death of slightly injured ones. 



Exhibit: Adult and work. 



96. The Cedar Tree Borer (Hylotrupes ligneiis Fab.). 



A slender, whitish, bark and wood boring grub, excavating winding burroWs in 

 the bark and surface of the wood of living arborvitae, causing the death of the trees, 

 and serious defects in the wood of living ones. Common in northwestern Maine. 



Exhibit: Adult and work. 



97. The Blazed-Tree Borer (Serropalpus varbatus Schall). 



A slender, whitish, wood-boring grub, w T hich enters at wounds on living trees and 

 bores deep into the sapwood and heartwood, causing a rapid decay of the infested 

 parts. Common in "blazed" wounds on balsam fir and spruce trees along the trails 

 in northwestern Maine. 



Exhibit: Work. 



98. The Mountain Ash Borer (Saperda sp. ). 



A destructive enemy of the mountain ash, boring in the healthy wood of the main 

 stem. Northwestern Maine. 

 Exhibit: Work. 



SECTION II. 

 INSECT ENEMIES OF FORESTS IN GENERAL. 



INJURING THE FOLIAGE. 



CATERPILLARS OF BUTTERFLIES AND MOTHS. ORDER 

 LEPIDOPTERA. 



CASE 25. 



99. The Violet-Tip Butterfly (Grapta interrogationis Fab.). 

 Larvae on elm. 



Exhibit: Adults, larva. 



100. The Mourning- Cloak Butterfly (Euvanessa antiopa Linn.). 

 Larvae on foliage of elm, willow, and poplar, sometimes defoliating trees. 

 Exhibit: Adults, larvae and pupa. 



101. The Viceroy Butterfly (Basilarchia archippus Cram.). 

 Larvae on willow and poplar. 



Exhibit: Adult. 



102. The Buff-Tipped Butterfly (Limenitis bredowii Hub.). 

 Larvae on oak in California, 



Exhibit: Adult. 



