• 16 



5 . The Spruce Timber-Beetle ( Trypodendron bivittatus Kirby) . 



Excavates several branching galleries from a single entrance burrow, the brood 

 developing in short side chambers in the sap wood of injured, dying, and recently 

 felled spruce, pine, hemlock, cedar, fir, and larch. Eastern, northeastern, and western 

 United States, Canada, and British Columbia to Alaska; very injurious. 



Exhibit: Adult and work. 



6. The Birch Timber-Beetle ( Trypodendron n. sp.). 



Excavates branching galleries from an entrance burrow and the broods develop in 

 short side chambers in sapwood and heartwood of paper birch. Kootenai, Idaho, 

 and northwestern Maine; also other birches in Maine. 



Exhibit: Adult and work. 



7. The Cosmopolitan Timber-Beetle (Xyleborus saxeseni Eatz.). 



Excavates branching galleries and broad brocd chambers from an entrance burrow 

 in sapwood and heartwood of Douglas spruce in Oregon, red oak in Maine, apple and 

 hemlock in West Virginia, and oak, beech, maple, lime tree, poplar, pine, spruce, 

 and fruit trees in Europe. Widely distributed in different countries of the world, 

 especially in Europe, North America, and Japan. 



Exhibit: Adult and work. 



INJURY BY BARK-BEETLES. ORDER COLEOPTERA, FAMILY 



SCOLYTIDiE. 



CASE 3. 



8. The Hairy Cryphalus (Cryphalus n. sp.). 



Excavates broad, irregular chambers in dying and dead bark of grand fir. Port 

 Williams, Wash. 



Exhibit: Adult and work. 



9. The Western Oak Bark-Beetle (Pityophthorus pubipennis Lee). 



Excavates two transverse galleries from a central entrance burrow in the bark of 

 injured, dying, and recently felled California black oak, Oregon white oak, and pos- 

 sibly other oaks. California to Oregon. 



Exhibit : Adult and work. 



10. The Densely-punctured Bark-Beetle (Pityophthorus confinis Lee). 

 Excavates a large central chamber and several radiating primary galleries with 



very deep egg cavities in living bark of injured, dying, and recently felled western 

 yellow pine. Northern California, eastern Washington, and western Idaho. 

 Exhibit: Adult and work. 



11. The Lodg-epole Pine Bark-Beetle (Pityophthorus n. sp. ). 



Excavates radiating curved longitudinal galleries from a medium-sized central cham- 

 ber in living bark on large branches of dying lodgepole pine. Eastern Washington. 

 Exhibit: Adult and work. 



12. The Knobcone Pine Bark-Beetle (Pityophthorus n. sp.). 



Excavates several radiating galleries from a large central chamber in living bark on 

 branches of injured and dying knobcone pine and western yellow pine. Berkeley, 

 CaL, and Albany, Oreg. 



Exhibit: Work. 



13. The Monterey Pine Twig-Beetle (Pityophthorus puncticoUis Lee). 

 Excavates small radiating, curved, galleries from a large central chamber in twigs 



and branches of dying and felled Monterey pine, shore pine, western yellow pine, 

 knobcone pine, Sitka spruce, and mountain or silver pine. Middle California to 

 northern Washington. 



Exhibit: Adult and work. 



