74 WILD MEDICINAL PLANTS OF THE UNITED STATES. 



Viburnum opulus. See Viburnum opulus L. 



Viburnum, opulus L. Honeysuckle family (Caprifoliaceae). 



Viburnum opulus; cramp-bark; high-bush cranberry; squawbush. 

 Indigenous shrub, 4 to 10 feet in height, found in low, rich woods and borders 



of fields from New Jersey, Michigan, and Oregon, northward. 

 Part used. — Bark (official). 

 Viburnum prunifolium. See Viburnum lentago and V. prunifolium L. 

 Viburnum prunifolium L. Honeysuckle family | Caprifoliaceae). 



Black haw; sloe; stagbush. 



Indigenous shrub or small tree, growing in dry woods and thickets and on rocky 

 hillsides, Connecticut to Florida, west to Michigan and Texas. Most abun- 

 dant in the South. 

 Part used. — Bark of the root of this species or of V. lentago official under the 

 name " Viburnum prunifolium." 



Viburnum, sweet. See Viburnum lentago. 

 Vine-maple. See Menispermum canadense. 

 Viola odorata L. Violet family ( ViolaceaeL 



English violet; sweet violet; March violet. 



Low herb, native of Europe; escaped from gardens. Nova Scotia to New York 

 and New Jersey, and on the Pacific coast. 



Part used. — Flowers (nonofficial). 

 Viola pedata L. Violet family (Violaceae). 



Bird's-foot violet; wood- violet; snake- violet, 



Native plant, perennial, 3 to 10 inches high, occurring in dry fields and on hill- 

 sides from Maine to Minnesota, south to Florida and Missouri. 



Parts used. — Herb and root (nonofficial). 

 Viola tricolor L. Violet family | Violaceae ) . 



Pansy; heartsease. 



Small herb, 4 to 12 inches high, introduced from Europe; found in waste places, 

 sparingly escaped from gardens. 



Part used. — Flowering herb (nonofficial ). 

 Violet, bird's-foot. See Viola pedata. 

 Violet, dog's-tooth. See Erythronium americanum. 

 Violet, English. See Viola odorata. 

 Violet, March. See Viola odorata. 

 Violet, rattlesnake-. See Erythronium americanum. 

 Violet, snake-. See Viola pedata. 

 Violet, sweet. See Viola odorata. 

 Violet, wood-. See Viola pedcda. 

 Violet-bloom. See Solanum dulcamara. 

 Virginia creeper. See Parthenoeissus quinquefolia. 

 Virgin' s-bower. See Clematis Virginia mi. 

 Viscum flarescens Pursh. Same as Phoradt ndron flavescens. 

 Vomit wort. See Lobelia inflata. 



Wafer-ash. See Ptelea trifoliata. 



Wahoo. See Euonymus atropurpureus. 



Wake-robin. See Arisaema triphyllum and Trillium erectum. 



Walnut, white. See Juglans cinerea. 



W artwork See GnapJialium uliginosum. 



