34 



AGRICULTURAL EXPLORATIONS IX THE ORCHARDS OF CHIXA. 



There are many seedlings of this haw in cultivation which in gen- 

 eral bear but small fruits, and these smaller ones are nearly always 

 more acid than the larger varieties. This is an advantage in one 

 way, for this acidity makes them an excellent substitute for cran- 

 berries, a fact which the American missionaries in the Shantung 

 Province have learned to their advantage. Since this haw is a very 

 hardy tree and can stand considerable drought and heat its fruit- 

 might take the place of cranberries in sections of the United States 

 where the latter are hard to obtain at the present tune, as anyone 



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Fig. 10. — A group of trees of a large-fruited variety of the Chinese haw {Crataegus pinnatiftda) near Changli. 

 Chihli Province . China . The fruit of this variety is extensively employed in the preparation of marmalade 

 and jelly. Introduction No. 17882. 



could grow one or two of these trees to supply his own wants. 

 (S. P. I. Xo. 21987.) 



The stock upon which the Chinese graft their large-fruited varie- 

 ties is the wild Crataegus pinnatifida, growing in many places in the 

 mountains in northern China, Manchuria, northern Korea, and east- 

 ern Siberia. It is mostly seen as a shrub. In favorable locations, 

 however, it grows into a small tree. In general, the wild tree or 

 shrub is well furnished with long thorns, while the large-fruited 

 cultivated trees are entirely without them. 



204 



