100 
PARASITIC ENEMIES. FAMILY ICHNEUMONIDZ. 
PART OF CASE 43) 
257. The Lunated Long-Sting. 
Thalessa lunator Fab. 
There are several quite similar species of these insects, which, by means of the long 
thread-like appendage to the body, deposit their eggs within the galleries of the 
horntail larvee, upon which their own larvee are parasitic. 
Exursirs: Adults. 
INJURING INNER BARK. 
THE BARK-BEETLES. FAMILY SCOLYTIDZ. 
CASH 444. 
258. The Pine-Destroying Beetle of the Black Hills. 
Dendroctonus ponderose Hopk. 
Attacks healthy pine and spruce in the Black Hills of South Dakota and Rocky 
Mountain region. The adult beetles excavate characteristic galleries in the inner 
bark of dead, dying, and healthy trees. Their eggs are deposited along the sides of 
these ealleries, and the larvee developing from them mine the inner bark. It is esti- 
mated that it has been the primary cause of the destruction of 1,000,000,000 feet of 
western yellow pine (Pinus ponderosa) in the Black Hills. 
Exuisir: Adults, work. Sections of trunks of western yellow pine attacked by 
beetles showing pitch tubes on surface and marks of galleries in inner bark. 
CASH 445. 
259. The Destructive Pine Bark-Beetle. 
Dendroctonus frontalis Zimm. 
Attacks healthy pine and spruce in the Southern States. Itis capable of enormous 
destruction and, though usually held in check by natural causes, has at various times 
past so increased as to seriously menace the entire stand of pine and spruce in por- 
tions of the Southeastern States, notably in West Virginia in 1891-92. 
Exutsir: Adults, work. Markings on surface of wood of beetle-killed tree; appear- 
ance of outer bark of beetle-killed trees; outer bark of tree scaled off by woodpeckers 
in search of beetles and their larve. 
260. The Oregon Tomicus. 
Tomicus oregom Eich. 
A secondary enemy of pine, attacking and hastening the death of trees primarily 
attacked by the. pine-destroying beetle. 
Exuisit: Work. Section of ‘top of western yellow pine showing galleries of adult 
beetles in inner bark. 
261. The Companion Bark-Beetle. 
Tomicus avulsus Eich. 
A common species infesting pine in the Southern States. When abundant it attacks 
and kills healthy trees, but it is especially common as a secondary enemy in com- 
pany with the destructive bark-beetle Dendroctonus frontalis Zimm. 
Exursit: Adults, work. 
CASE £6. 
262. The Lawson Cypress Bark-Beetle. 
Phleosinus cupresse Hopk. 
Attacks transplanted Lawson and Monterey eyes in California. It also attacks 
redwood. 
Exursit: Adults, work. 
