PLATE VIII. 

 Work of secondary and other enemies of the spruce. 



a. Work of Tomicus picea Hopk. MS. in white spruce bark. 



b. Work of PUyophthorus cariniceps Lee. in spruce hark and grooving the outer 



wood. 



c. Galleries of the destructive pine-lark beetle (Dendroctonns frontalis) in pine 



bark: also attacks spruce. 



d. \York of Dryoccetes picea Hopk. MS on the surface of spruce wood. 



e. Galleries of the spruce Polygraphus on surface of pieces of spruce driftwood. 



found in Parmacheene Lake. 

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