PLATE XIV. 

 Dead spruce; also fir and birch. 



a, Old dead spruce and a dead birch in cutting. 



bl, Remains of very old dead spruce. 



b2, Appearance of spruce tree after it has been dead five to ten years or more 



c, White Spruce near gamekeeper "s camp, dead three or four years. 



d, Dead spruce, fir, and birch, killed by fire. 



e, Dead spruce and fir on summit of Rump Mountain. 



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