16 SUPRARENAL GLANDS. 



preparations by mouth, which by this method of administration fail 

 to produce any rise in blood pressure. Metabolic changes, shown by 

 the presence of glycosuria, and histological changes, especially in the 

 involuntary muscle fibers of the stomach and intestine, and changes 

 in the liver cells have been noted in experimental work on animals, 

 so that it becomes imperative to exercise more care in the use of these 

 preparations and to determine accurately the amount of the active 

 principle used. 



MEASUREMENT OF THE RISE OP BLOOD PRESSURE IN HIGHER ANIMALS. 



At present the most satisfactory method of standardizing these 

 preparations is by measuring the actual rise in blood pressure which 

 follows the intravenous injection into animals of definite amounts 

 of a solution of the pure active principle and comparing this rise 

 with that produced by the same amount of the solution to be tested. 

 The method is based on the fact that in the same animal the same 

 amount of the active principle will produce the same rise in blood 

 pressure, provided the conditions are unaltered. 6 The vagi nerves 

 should first be cut or atropin injected to secure the full pressor 

 effects of the injection. These measurements are usually made b} T 



°Blum, F. Nebennierendiabetes. Deutsch. Arch. Klin. Med., vol. 71, p. 146, 1901. 

 Loeper, M.,and Crouzon, 0. L'action de l'adrenaline sur le sang. Arch. d. Med. 



Exper., vol. 16, p. 83, 1904. 

 Paton, D.N. Effect of adrenalin on sugar and nitrogen excretion in the urine of birds. 



Jour. Physiol., vol. 32, p. 59, 1905. 

 Citron, J. Ueber d. durch Suprarenin experiment, erzeugt. Veranderungen. Zeits. 



f. Exper. Path. u. Ther., vol. 1, p. 649, 1905. 

 Drunimond, W. B. Histological changes produced by the injection of adrenalin 



chloride. Jour. Physiol., vol. 31, p. 81, 1904. 

 Erb, W. Exper. u.histol. Studien iiber Arterienerkrankung nach Adrenalininjec- 



tionen. Arch. f. Exp. Path. u. Pharmakol., vol. 53, p. 173, 1905. 

 Herter, C. A., and Richards, A. N. Note on the glycosuria following experimental 



injections of adrenalin. Med. News, vol. 80, p. 201, 1902. 

 Wolownik, B. Exper. Untersuch. iiber d. Adrenalin. Arch. f. Path. Anat., vol. 180, 



p.- 225, 1905. 

 Papadia, G. Arteriosclerosi da adrenalina. Rev. di Pat. Nerv., vol. 11, p. 113, 1906. 



[Contains bibliography.] 

 Biland, J. Ueber d. durch Nebennierenpraparate gesetzten Gefass- und Organveriin- 



derungen. Deutsch. Arch. f. Klin. Med., vol. 87, p. 413, 1906. 

 t> Houghton, E. M. Pharmacologic assay of preparations of the suprarenal glands. 



Amer. Jour. Pharm., vol. 73, p. 531, 1901; National Standard Dispensatory, Hare, 



Caspari, and Rusby, 1905, p. 1732. 

 Pharmacology of the suprarenal gland and a method of assaying its products. Jour. 



Amer. Med. Assoc, vol. 38, p. 150, 1902. [A solution of 1-10,000 was used.] 

 Franz, F. Aus exper. Arbeiten iiber Adrenalin, seine physiol. Werthbestim- 



mung u. seine Wirkung. Sammelreferat. Med. Klinik, 1907, p. 99. 

 Battelli, M. F. Quantite d'adrenaline existant dans les capsules surrenales de 



l'homme. Compt. Rend. Hebd. Soc. de Biol., vol. 54, p. 1205, 1902. 



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