SEPARATION OF ACTIVE PRINCIPLE. 9 



and later by Cybulski, Szymonowicz, Boruttau, and others. Vul- 

 pian b had in 1856 noted the presence in them of certain principles 

 giving peculiar color reactions, and from this time these color reactions 

 were believed to be due to the presence of pvrocatechin or a derivative 

 of it. c 



The chemical work — at least that which has been done in this coun- 

 try — has been carried out mainly from the influence of Professor 

 Abel's laboratory. Abel himself isolated a body to which he gave 

 the name epinephrin, and calculated the empirical formula to be 

 C 17 H 15 N0 4 , but he was compelled to change this to' C 10 H n XO 3 by the 

 withdrawal of one benzoyl group, and later to C 10 H, 3 NO 3 |H 2 O. d 



a Szymonowicz. L. Die Function d. Nebenniere. Arch. f. Gesam. Physiol., vol. 64, 

 * p. 97. 1896. 

 Boruttau, H. Erfahrung. liber d. Nebennieren. Arch. f. Gesam. Physiol., vol. 78, 

 p. 97. 1899. 

 b Vulpian, A. Note sur quelques reactions propres a la substance des capsules surre- 

 nales. Comp. Rend. Acad, des Sci.. vol. 43. p. 663, 1856. 

 Cloez. S.. and Vulpian. A. Note sur 1' existence des acides hippurique et choleique 

 dans les capsules surrenales des anhnaux herbivores. Comp. Rend. Acad, des 

 Sci.. vol. 45, p. 340, 1857. 

 c Krukenberg, C. F. AV. Die farbigen Derivate der Nebennierenchromogene. Arch. 

 f. Path. Anat.. vol. 101, p. 542. 1885. 

 Brunner, EL Zur Chemie d. Lecithine u. d. Brenzcatechins, Bestandtheile der 



Nebennieren. Schweiz. AA'ooh. f. Chem. u. Pharm., vol. 30. p. 121, 1892. 

 Mtihlmann, M. Zur Physiologie der Nebenniere. Deutsch. Med. AA~och., vol. 22, 



p. 409. 1896. 

 Fraenkel. S. Beitr. z. Physiol, u. physiol. Chemie d. Nebenniere. AA ten. Med. 

 Blatter, vol. 19. pp. 211. 228, 246. 1896. 

 <3Abel, J. J., and Crawford. A. C. On the blood-pressure-raising constituent of the 

 suprarenal capsule. Johns Hopkins Hospital Bui., vol. 8, p. 151, 1897. 

 Abel. J. J. Ueber den blutdriickerregenden Bestandtheil d. Nebenniere. das 

 Epinephrin. Zeits. f. Physiol. Chemie, vol. 28, p. 318, 1899. 

 Further observations on epinephrin. Johns Hopkins Hospital Bui., vol. 12. p. 80, 



1901. 

 On epinephrin and its compounds. Amer. Jour. Pharm., vol. 75, p. 301. 1903. 

 Weitere Mittheil. ii. d. Epinephrin. Ber. d. Deutsch. Chem. Gesells.. vol. 36, 



p. 1839. 1903. 

 The function of the suprarenal glands. Contrib. to Med. Research, dedicated to 



V. C. Vaughan. 1903. p. 138. 

 On the phenylcarbamic esters of epinephrin. Proc. Amer. Physiol. Soc, L899, 



p. xvii. Amer. Jour. Physiol., vol. 3, 1900. 

 On a simple method of preparing epinephrin and its compounds. Johns Hopkins 

 Hospital Bui., vol. 13. p. 29, 1902. 

 Abel. J. J., and Taveau. R. de M. On the decomposition products of epinephrin 

 hydrate. Jour. Biol. Chem., vol. 1, p. 1, 1905. 



Note. — Full literature on the suprarenals may be found in Moller, S., Kritisch- 

 exper. Beitr. z. AVirkung d. Nebennierenextraktes. Dissert.. Berlin. 1906. 



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