but very 



BOOl 



liquefied 



area 



largin co 



QSlSt 



;i Blame 



Moll 



PRESENT STATUS OF INVESTIGATION OF BEE DISEASES, W 



Ba< ii i.i s A. 

 i /.'. mi v< nh ricusf I 



Occurrence. — Found very frequently on combs, on Bcraplnga from hives, Mini on 

 the bodies of bees, l »* > 1 1 1 diseased and healthy. 



Gelatin colonies. -Very young colonics show Irregular edges, 

 liquefaction takes place and the colony gives rise to a circular 

 covered with a gray membrane, which later turns brown. 



Agar e<)l<>ui< ■.*.- Superficial colonics presenl ;i very Irregular i 

 lug of outgrowths taking place in curves. Deep colonies show 

 growth having a moss-like appearance. 



Morphology. In the living condition the bacilli appear clear and often granu 

 lar, arranged singly, in pairs, and in chains. The flagella are distributed over 

 the body. The rods measure from :\u to \n in length, and from 0.9/w to \:in in 

 thickness. 



Motility. — 'ldie bacilli are only moderately motile. 



Spores.- — Spores are formed in the middle of the rod. 



<;i<nii's stain. — The bacilli take Gram's stain. 



Oxygen requirements. — Aerobic and facultatively anaerobic. 



Bouillon. — Luxuriant growth in 24 hours, with cloudiness of medium; a gray 

 flocculent membrane is present. Later, the membrane sinks and the medium 

 clears, leaving a heavy, white, floccnlent sediment, with a growth of the organ- 

 isms adhering to the glass at the surface of the medium. React ion alkaline. 



Glucose. — Luxuriant growth takes place in the bulb, with a moderate, floccu- 

 lent growth in closed arm. The gradual settling of the organisms causes a 

 heavy white sediment to form in the bend of the tube. The reaction is ;it firsl 

 ^liuditly acid, hut subsequently becomes alkaline. No gas is formed. 



Lactose. — Reaction alkaline. 



Saccharose. — Reaction alkaline. 



/ , vuk)8e. — Reaction acid. 



Maltose. — Reaction acid. 



Mn unite. — Reaction alkaline. 



Potato water. — Reaction alkaline. 



Agar slant. — A luxuriant growth takes place on this medium. The growth 

 gradually increases to a moist, glistening one, being then friable and of a -ravish 

 brown color. 



Serum. — A luxuriant, brownish, glistening, friable growth spreads over the 

 entire surface. No liquefaction is observed. 



Potato. — An abundant fleshy growth of a brown color spreads over the entire 

 surface. The water supports a heavy growth. The potato is slightly discolored. 



Milk. — Precipitation takes place rapidly, followed by a gradual digestion of 

 the casein, the medium changing from the top downward to a translucent liquid, 

 becoming at last semitransparent and viscid. 



Litmus milk. — Precipitation of the casein lakes place usually within 24 hours, 

 foil,, wed by a gradual peptonization. Reduction of the litmus occurs rapidly, 

 leaving the medium slightly brown : later the blue color will return on exposing 

 the milk to the air by shaking. Reaction alkaline. 



Gelatin. — An abundant growth takes place with rapid, infundibuliform lique- 

 faction. A heavy, white, friable membrane Is formed on the surface of the 

 liquefied medium. A floccnlent sediment lies at the bottom of the clear liquefied 

 portion. 



Acid agar. — Growth takes place. 



hull,!.- None has been observed. 



"Nitrate. — Reduction to nitrite is positive. 

 30547— No. 70—07 h 4 



