L6 MEETING OF [NSPECTORS OF APIARIES. 



department of agriculture in a report to thai department made in 

 January. L903, and another in January, L904:. In the latter report 

 this condition, for want of definite information, was referred to as 

 •• X brood " and the bacillus as Bacillus X. At the suggestion of 

 Dr. E. F. Phillip-, of the Bureau of Entomology, United States 

 Department of Agriculture, it was thought best for very good rea- 

 sons to retain the name foul brood in the name of each disease and 

 add a qualifying word to designate the difference between the two 

 diseases. " European " i- added to foul brood to designate the disease 

 which Cheyne studied in England (Europe) in 1885, and "American " 

 i- added to the foul brood which was first studied in the United States 

 i America i. We distinguish, then, European foul brood and Ameri- 

 can foul brood. Both of these diseases of the brood of bees seem to 

 be found in Europe a- well as America. It must therefore he remem- 

 bered that these names do not put any stigma on either country. 

 Europe or America, hut. on the contrary. Europe is thereby given 

 the credit of having- first studied the European foul brood and 

 America for having first studied American foul brood. 



In a study of the so-called "pickle brood" Ave are unable to >UL r - 

 gest from a bacteriological standpoint any cause for the disease. A 

 study has been made of the bacteria found upon the healthy adult bee 

 and those found in the intestine and also the bacteria found upon and 

 within the adult bee- suffering with palsy or paralysis, but so far no 

 suggestion can be made from a bacteriological standpoint as to the 

 cause of this disorder of the adult bee. • 



To conclude. I .-hall read, with your permission, the summary of 

 the work reported in the bulletin referred to above. 



SUMMARY TO PART I. 



The results of the study of the bacteria found n rraally in the apiary may he 

 briefly summarized as fi Hows; 



i t i The temperature i f the hive approximates thru of warm-blooded animals. 



1 1' i Upon adult hees and upon the comb there occurs quite constantly a species 

 of bacteria which we refer to in this gaper as Bacillus A. and which, it is 

 hcliev<>d. is tii«. organism that seme workers have contused with Bacillus <tlr<i 

 which is universally present in European foul brood. 



i ."'> i There occurs very constantly in the pollen and intestine of adult bees a 

 species here referred to as Bacillus B. 



i i' From the combs Bacterium cyaneus, Saccharom is, and a Micros 



i. ecus referred t > here as Micrococcus c have heen isolated and studied. 



i .~» i Honey from a healthy hive is. as a rule, sterile. 



(fj) The normal larva? .-ire. ;is ; i rule, sterile. 



.7i There is an anaerobe found quite constantly in the intestine >>\' the 

 healthy honey bee. It is referred to in this paper as Bacterium l>. 



From the intestine there have been isolated and studied the following 

 micro-organisms: Bacillus cloacor, Bacillus coli communis, Bacillus clu 



echnical Series. No. 14, Bur. Ent, l . S. Dept. Agric. 



