TIPULA. 83 



examination of the mouth will suffice to show 

 their difference, the trunk of the gnat being long 

 and advanced, while that of the Tipula is very 

 short and bilabiate. 



The largest species of this genus may be 

 seen in the meadows from the beginning of 

 spring to the end of autumn. Although they 

 rise high, they do not fly far, and at certain 

 seasons they use their wings only to assist their 

 legs in running. The smaller Tipulae are con- 

 tinually in the air, flying up and down in swarms 

 before the passenger, and making a slight hum- 

 ming noise like gnats, for which they are often, 

 though improperly, mistaken. 



The larvae of the Tipulae differ considerably 

 in shape, and in the places they inhabit. Some 

 are found under ground ; some in the cavities 

 of decayed trees, or in different species of Fungi ; 

 others in cow-dung ; and one division inhabit 

 the waters. Some of these last swim with great 

 agility, while others quietly live in holes, which 

 they make at the bottom or on the sides of ri- 

 vulets. 



When the female is desirous to deposit her 



