254 ON THE CLASSIFICATION oF BIRDS 
dactyle. Tarsi feathered, on their inner side only 
as far as the toes. Claws strong, curved. __ 7 
P. carnifex. Edwards, 1. 39. militaris ? O. d’ Amer. pl. ost 
nigricollis. Spix, ii. pl. 5. | 
Pipra, Lin. ( fig. 225.) Mana- 
kins. Size very small, Bill weak: 
the upper mandible bent over 
the lower, which is flattened 
and nearly straight: notch 
small. Wings more or less rounded. 
even. Toes syndactyle. 
P. strigilata. Brazil. Birds, pl. 25. 
Metopia, Sw. (fig. 226.) Front 
with an elevated compressed 
crest. Wings lengthened, 
very broad. ‘Tail broad, 
lengthened, rounded. 
M. galeata. Braz. B. i. pl. 23. 
Canyprura, Sw. Bill short, strong, robust, shrike- 
like ; the sides somewhat gibbous: the notch deep 
and tooth-like. Under mandible strong. Wings short, 
rounded. Tail remarkably small, almost concealed. 
Feet lengthened, slender; toes syndactyle. Bra- 
my A. 
Tail short, 
C. cristata. Brazil. Birds, pl. 24. 
Parnatorus, Vieil. (fig. 227.) 
Bill as in Calyptura. Wings 
long, pointed ; the three first 
quills of equal length. Tail 
short, even. Feet strong ; la- 
teral toes free andequal. Australia, 3. 
P. punctatus. Pl. Col. 78. 
Famtry MUSCICAPIDA. Flycatchers. 
Stature small. Bill considerably depressed its entire 
length, broad: the edge of the upper mandible folding 
over that of the lower; the tip abruptly bent and — 
notched. Rictus wide, defended with strong rigid bristled 
