ai Wie gener aan ><img 
; 
3 
5 
i + -* x > 
DIPTERA. eS 
‘In the year 1830 there appeared in.the end of April and beginning 
of May, after a previous overflowing in the month of March, the same 
notorious Simulium columbatezense as I was convinced by a close com- 
parison on the shores of the marsh from its junction with the Danube 
as far as Hanna, in Austria-Hungary and Moravia, and most plentifully 
in the countries lying on the banks exposed to the inundations. It 
attacked cattle in the meadows as in the Banat, and the villages im 
that neighborhood lost some hundreds of cattle, such as horses, cows, 
and swine.” 
Fig. 7.—Simulium ornatum: a, larva, side view; b, same, back view; ¢, pupa, beneath; d, same, from 
above; e, cocoon—much enlarged (after Verdat). 
Simulium reptans Linn. is considered by many authorities as equiva- 
lent to the columbatczense. It was described from Lapland previous to 
the description of columbatczense, and, if identical, should of course 
include the form referred to that species. 
Simulium ornatum Meig. 
This is the species upon which Verdat and Fries made the extended 
studies which have been mentioned in the fore part of this chapter 
