DIPTERA. Ga 
were taken every month of the season except June, at which time they 
had mostly reached the pupa or imago stage. 
The habits of the adult have already been sufficiently stated, and as 
we have unfortunately no certain means of repelling them from cattle 
so as to prevent the bites, which is the only thing we need fear from 
them, a discussion of remedies is unnecessary. 
It might be stated, however, that observations on the effect of tar 
and oil or other substances used to repel bot-flies would be of value in 
arriving at some method of preventing their attacks, 
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Fic. 25.—Phanurus tabanivorus Ash. (from Hart). 
Hart records the rearing of parasites, Phanurus tabanivorus Ashm., 
from the egg masses of this species. Also the apparent parasitization 
of a larva. 
GREEN-HEAD HORSE FLY. 
(Tabanus lineola Fab.) 
This is generally regarded as the most common species in North 
America, and its occurrence in all parts of the country in large numbers 
fully supports such estimate. 
While it must have been a familiar pest to the early inhabitants of 
the country, its first scientific description was given by Fabricius (Ent. 
Syst., Tom. LV, p. 369.) 
Packard, “Guide to the Study of Insects,” page 394, says: 
This fly is our most common species, thousands of them appearing during the hot- 
test part of the summer, when the sun is shining on our marshes and western prai- 
ries; horses and cattle are sometimes worried to death by their harassing bites. In 
cloudy weather they do not fly, and they perish on the cool, frosty nights of September. 
