64 “INSECTS AFFECTING DOMESTIC ANIMALS. 
And also in “* Our Common Insects,” page 74: 
We were told during the last summer that a horse which stood fastened to a tree 
in a field near the marshes at Rowley, Mass., was bitten to death by these green- 
heads; and it is known that horses and cattle are occasionally killed by their 
repeated harassing bites. , 
This death of animals from bites must be very rare indeed, for in many 
years’ residence in the Mississippi Valley, where the flies abound, the 
author has never known of such an incident, though 
the bites are certainly a great torment. : 
The flies are brown, with a tinge of reddish, and 
the abdomen has a conspicuous whitish line along 
the middle. The eyes are a brilliant green, from 
Fic. 26._Tabanus lineola. Which the name is derived. 
—(from Packard’s Hart has detailed the characters of the early 
aca stages as follows: “The larva of this species closely 
resembles the young of nigrescens, and was not separated from it at 
first.” Examples of larve are said to have been collected in April and 
in June, pup in May, and imagoes in May and June. ‘The tabanid 
pup develop much more rapidly in hot weather than in cold, and to 
this fact is probably due the difference in time of emergence.” 
Larva: Length, 20 mm.; diameter, 2.7 mm. Prothorax with lateral shining areas 
about as long as the dorsal area, striation about the same as that of the upper 
mesothoracic area; no noticeable central smooth spot; a small one 
on lower margin posteriorly ; remaining lateral areas a little more 
finely and closely striate; dorsal and ventral areas of thorax nearly 
smooth on disk, with basal striwe; those on abdomen with moder- 
ately close striz, more or less interrupted on disk; all areas more 
or less shining. 
Surface whitish, dull pubescent markings very light brown but 
distinct, annuli narrow, crests of false feet also dull pubescent, 
their sides striate; lateral stripes of thorax distinct, slender, not 
dilated posteriorly, lateral edges of dorsal areas of thorax diverg- 
ing; an opaque dark ring about the base of respiratory tube, and 
another encircling anal prominence, above it usually three light- 
brown spots. 
Main internal trachee rather thick and noticeable, subparallel, 
not strongly sinuate, at least back of the middle. Terminal stig- 
matal spine often protruded. 
Pupa: Length, 19 mm.; diameter, 3 mm. Light ferruginous 
brown, shining, abdomen roughly wrinkied and subopaque. Pal- 
pal sheaths indistinct, not distant; tubercles not dark; ocellar 
tubercles indistinct or wanting; thoracic spiracular tubercles (fig. 
28) shghtly but nearly equally elevated, frec margin rounded at 
tip, rima not vertical, evenly arcuate, slightly hooked in front. 
Abdominal spiracular tubercles subtriangular, narrower behind, 
obliquely subeonical, much shorter than basal diameter, bearing a  Fi¢.27.—Tabanus 
small subcircular or short and strongly arcuate rima (fig. 29); on —/*neola:_ pupa, 
anterior slope a transverse groove, usually longer than the rima; ee pei 
fringes formed of unequai pale spines, only one or two long spines Hart). 
above on seventh segment; outer terminal teeth much longer than 
the others, directed laterally and upward, the tips of the four upper teeth about 
in line (fig. 30), fringe anterior to anal prominence showing a chitinous webbing 
