68 INSECTS AFFECTING DOMESTIC ANIMALS. 
Pupa 9: Length about 30 mm.; diameter about 6 mm.; light brownish fuscous, 
thorax paler, shining; abdomen roughly transversely wrinkled and subopaque. 
Palpal sheaths distinct, as far apart as are the sete borne by the larger tubercles at 
the center of the anterior surface of the head; surface between them rounded, bear- 
ing a small wrinkled tubercle at middle; antennze and 
tubercles darker than surrounding surface; ocellar tuber- 
cles distinct; prothoracic spiracular tubercles slightly but 
evenly elevated in a plane parallel with that of the sur- 
rounding surface; rima nearly straight in its outer half, 
inwardly curving strongly forward and ending in a con- 
spicuous hook; free margin of tubercles rounded at tip. 
First abdominal with two distinct sete each side above 
the spiracles; abdominal spiracular tubercles rounded, 
broad behind, low, subhemispherical, rima long, following 
s posterior border of tubercle, slightly curved at middle, 
‘ _..; More strongly curved forward at each end; on anterior 
Fic. 32.—Tabanus stygius:last surface a transverse groove extending across the tubercle, 
eis Ge iaeseee but not as long as the rima. Fringes of unequal spines, 
bnlanedd (Grom Elart): often tipped with blackish, all but two of the long spines 
wanting in a broad space above on seventh segment. Ter- 
minal teeth nearly equal, tipped with blackish, their points marking the angles of a 
hexagon, slightly wider than high. Ventral fringe of last segment not webbed 
together; lateral tufts high, on a level with upper lateral line. 
Tabanus molestus Say. 
In describing this species in 1822 (Jour. Acad. Phil., Vol. III, p. 31; 
Comp. Writ., Vol. II, p. 53) Thomas Say states: 
This is one of the species that are called prairie flies. It is numerous in the 
prairies of the State of Missouri and is very troublesome to the cattle. I have seen 
cattle in the forests which margin these prairies when attacked by these insects 
start suddenly and plunge into the thickets that the branches may divest them 
of their enemies. Travelers are much incommoded by them; many cover their 
horses with canvas, etc., to shield them from their attacks, or rest in some shaded 
or secluded situation during that part of the day when they are the most abundant. 
No special mention is made of it in subsequent works, but we know 
it to be fairly common in the Mississippi Valley. Say’s account prob- 
ably covers territory outside of the present State of Missouri; and 
Wiedemann (vide O.S. Cat., p. 22) is authority for its occurrence in 
Kentucky. 
It is a rather large species, nearly four-fifths of an inch long; the 
thorax gray, with brown lines; the abdomen black-brown with a gray 
central stripe which is widened on the middle segments and consists of 
triangular spots on the fourth, fifth, and sixth segments. 
HKUROPEAN GAD-FLY. 
( Tabanus bovinus Linn.) 
From the statements of European writers this is apparently the gad- 
fly of Europe, or at least the one which is particularly troublesome to 
cattle. 
According to Linnzeus (Syst. Nat., Turton Transl., Vol. III, p. 67), 
it inhabits Europe, and is extremely troublesome to cattle, | 
