3 
3 
. 
ie 
‘ 
x 
DIPTERA. — 97 
This larva is thick and fleshy, of a yellowish white color, becoming 
darker as it approaches maturity, but the most distinetive characters 
are found in the disposition of the spines which cover most of the sur- 
face of the body. The last two segments are 
entirely naked, and also the dorsal and lateral 
prominences of the ninth segment are free from 
spines. 
This arrangement of spines is clearly shown 
in the diagram, which is a device adopted by 
Brauer to indicate the difference in spine dis- 
Fia. 42.—Hypoderma bovis: a, tribution in the different species. Comparison 
nya it aatoghalarane of this figure with that for lineata will serve to 
of adult; ¢c, cap which splits Metermine at once the identity of a specimen. 
eee ced The wide spaces represent the dorsal (the 
left) and the ventral (the right) surface, and 
the narrow spaces the three rows of lateral protuberances. The 
spines on the upper and lower border of the segments are represented 
by dots. 
The pupa is an oval dark body formed from the contracted larva, the 
anterior end of which is removed when the imago issues. It is clearly 
illustrated in the annexed figure (fig. 42). 
The treatment of the species is discussed under the general treatment 
for both species. 
Ox BotT-FLY OR HEEL FLY. 
(Hypoderma lineata Villers. ) 
The synonomy and distribution of this species has been very fully 
discussed by Dr. Riley in Insect Life (Vol. LV, p. 302), along with a dis- 
cussion of the distinctions of the species and I shall extract largely 
from this article as well as from the one by Dr. Curtice, (Journal Com- 
parative Medicine and Veterinary Archives, Vol. XII, pp. 265-274, 
June, 1891). 
The species was described in 1789 by Villers (Ent. Linn., Vol. III, p. 
249), and later (from larva) by Brauer as bonass?. 
Much confusion has existed, particularly because of the assumption 
that the common warble of this country should be referred to bovis, 
but the matter has been definitely set to rest by the researches de- 
tailed in the above-mentioned papers, which may be consulted for full 
details. 
Aside from the occurrence in the buffalo, which appears to have been 
not uncommon, it is evidently a parasite normal to cattle. Which of 
these animals, if either of them, was the primary host of the species 
can not be stated, although the evidence seems to me to favor the 
opinion that it was primarily a parasite of the ox and that its occur- 
rence on buffalo followed the introduction of cattle into this country. 
4653—No. 5— ~-7 
