DIPTERA. 105 
auger, and during the season a little salt is kept in these holes, while 
every few days a little tar is smeared around them with a brush. The 
sheep in obtaining the salt tar their noses and the odor of the tar 
keeps the fly away. In severe cases, where the grubs are already in 
the head, they may be dislodged in a measure by a feather dipped in 
turpentine, which should be run up the nose and quickly turned. 
This, of course, can be but partially effective, as it is difficult to reach 
the extremity of the tortuous canals, and it is in such localities that 
they must cause greatest difficulties. For the same reason and on 
account of the great pain caused the animal the use of a wire to remove 
the larvee as recommended by some should be discountenanced entirely. 
The burning of sulphur or other destructive substances in a closed 
room is likely to kill the sheep before reaching the larve in their 
retreats. In would be interesting, however, to determine what effect 
pyrethrum would have upon them. Valuable animals may be treated 
by trephining, to remove the grubs from the sinuses—an operation 
that should be performed by a veterinarian or skilled operator. 
THE REINDEER Bor. 
(G@demagena tarandi Linn.) 
This species is recorded as a parasite of the reindeer in Europe and 
North America and is doubtless of no little economic importance where 
this animal is an essential domestic species. Its habits are similar to 
those of Hypoderma, and it is recorded that the presence of the para- 
sites is a source of great annoyance to their hosts. No observations 
have been made, so far as I know, to determine the manner of intro- 
duction, but there would seem to be the same probability of their 
introduction by the mouth as exists for the species of Hypoderma. 
DEER Bogs. 
Species of bots are recorded from deer, elk, and antelopes, the flies 
being included in the genus Cephenomyia. Two species of this genus 
are credited to America, but it is probable that careful collecting from 
these animals would increase the number. 
THE EMASCULATING BOT-FLY. 
(Cuterebra emasculator Fitch.) 
In the supplement to his third report as State entomologist of New 
York Dr. Fitch presents the history of a bot-fly which is of remarkable 
interest, and though it does not affect any domesticated animal (except 
as Squirrels may be kept as pets), the subject is of such interest that 
we can not pass it unnoticed in this connection. It would be interest- 
ing to reproduce Dr. Fitch’s notes entire, but they are too lengthy for 
anything but a brief synopsis. 
