134 INSECTS AFFECTING DOMESTIC ANIMALS. 
its distribution to other countries. Even now it is thought to exist in 
Australia. 
Its attacks upon cattle, horses, mules, sheep, as well as numerous 
wild animals—zebras, antelopes, buffaloes, etc.—are said to be most 
deadly in result, and even man is attacked with severity, though it is 
claimed that these attacks are less injurious to man than to animals. , 
Other species of the genus have similar habits, but are less known. , 
THE HIPPELATES FLIES. 
(Hippelates spp.) 
Under the title of The Hippelates Plague in Florida! Mr. HB. A. 
Schwarz has called attention to a group of insects that must have a 
very important place in the list of animal plagues, though they seem 
to have been pretty generally neglected. His treatment of the pest is 
Fia. 71.—Hippelates flavipes —much enlarged (from Schwarz). 
almost entirely from the. standpoint of their attacks upon human 
beings, but it is clearly shown that they must be a dangerous pest to 
domestic animals as well. There can be no doubt that these insects 
have been commonly met with and noticed as a source of annoyance, 
but no one seems to have made a study of them from the economic 
standpoint before Mr. Schwarz. 
The species especially mentioned are: Hippelates plebejus Loew, flavi- 
pes Loew, and pusio Loew, two of which are figured and the figures are 
here reproduced. 
The annoyance caused by the flies is due to their darting into the 
eyes and other parts of the body after the moisture or perspiration, 
and also by a constant humming. They prove very irritable. Further, 
a 
‘Insect Life, Vol. VII, pp. 374-379. 
