210 INSECTS AFFECTING DOMESTIC ANIMALS. 
upon the parasites of animals and is one of the best known species of 
parasitic insects. The effects upon the cattle infested are often quite 
Serious on account of their great number, but they are apparently less 
injurious than the suctorial species which infest cattle. This injury 
depends, of course, upon the numbers occurring upon the individual, 
and somewhat upon the irritability of the animal infested. This 
species much resembles the form occurring upon horses, but is some- 
what shorter, and the abdomen tapers less toward the extremity; the 
dark bands across the abdomen are also more distinct. They are gen- 
erally found in greatest abundance in the spring of the year, at which 
time adults and eggs are discovered in great numbers. Their develop- 
ment corresponds with the other species, and they are subject to the 
same methods of attack. 
They are very distinct from the suctorial species in appearance, and 
this difference is recognized by practical men, who speak of them as 
the ‘little red lice,” as contrasted with the ‘blue lice,” and they recog- 
nize, too, the difference in the trouble caused by the two species. 
The application of kerosene emulsion or of tobacco decoction at sea- 
sons when this is practicable is effective, and we have found the proe- 
ess of fumigation described in the chapter on remedies to be effective. 
This, of course, is applicable at all seasons of the year, even in cold 
weather, without danger to the animal. 
Family LIOTHEID &. 
LOUSE OF THE DOVE. 
(Menopon giganteum Denny.) 
This species of louse infesting doves is described by Denny (Anop. 
Brit., 225, f. 2, pl.21).. It does not appear to have been commonly ob- 
served since that time. A species is described under the name of 
Menopon latum (Piaget, Les Pédic., 457), which is probably the same 
as Menopon giganteum. As the species is evidently not a very abun- 
dant one, and the habits and remedies for this species are very similar 
to those for the Menopon pallidum, it is not necessary to enter inte 
detail as to treatment. According to Denny, it is of a yellowish-brown 
color, shining, the head with a small brown patch on each side, the 
prothorax with a cruciform depression and the lateral margin refiected. 
THE ComMoN HEN LOUSE. 
(Menopon pallidum Nitzsch.) 
This species, probably the most abundant of all the lice infesting 
poultry, has been a familiar creature in the writings of entomologists, 
and also in all the literature of poultry raising. 
It was evidently recognized by Redi (Exper., tab. 16, fig. 1), who 
figured it under the name of Pulex capi. Linnzus described it as 
