| 
REMEDIES—PREVENTIVE TREATMENT. 279 
Soap emulsion.—Dissolve one-half pound hard soap in 1 gallon of hot water, and 
while still at near boiling point add 2 gallons kerosene, and emulsify by use of 
force pump or agitator of some kind. Dilute with water one part emulsion to eight 
or ten parts water, and use as spray, wash, or dip. 
Oil of turpentine is recommended as an application for external para- 
sites, but should not be applied to the skin of horses, though when 
suitably mixed it is sometimes prescribed for bots in these animals. 
Coal tar is useful as a barrier to mites and lice in the poultry house. 
Dust and ashes are natural remedies used by fowls. 
Time in form of fine slaked dust mixed with carbolic acid and scat- 
tered throughout the buildings or applied as whitewash is one of the 
best remedies for chicken pests, as well as for the lice and mange 
insects of other animals which infest stables and fences. It is also 
used as one of the ingredients in sheep dips. 
Pyrethrum powder, known also as Persian insect powder, ‘* Buhach” 
(the California brand), and Dalmatian insect powder, is a most excel- 
lent parasiticide, and the powder dusted in rooms troubled with fleas, 
lice, or bed-bugs, on dogs, cats, chickens, etc., is very effective. It has 
been found to be the only satisfactory remedy for lice and ticks on 
sheep in winter, when the long wool prohibits other treatment. 
Sulphur as a fumigating material or dusted on the skin, in ointments 
and in dipping solutions, has a great range of usefulness. 
Tobacco is a very effective agent against parasites and in fumigation, 
in dipping solutions, and in form of snuff dusted among hairs or 
feathers is applicable to many external parasites. 
METHODS OF APPLICATION OF REMEDIES. 
In the treatment of the different parasites there is room for much 
choice both as to the material used and the manner of its application. 
Treatment that is possible on a few animals or in a closed room may be 
absolutely prohibited on a large scale, or with herds of animals in pas- 
ture or ranch, and that which may be applicable in summer may be 
dangerous or out of the question in winter; so it will be seen that in 
giving methods it is expected that each individual is to study the 
conditions and adapt the treatment to his particular case. 
DIRECT CAPTURE OR DESTRUCTION OF INSECTS. 
There are many occasions when the use of a little dexterity may 
accomplish the destruction of an annoying bot-fly, horse-fly, or swarm 
ot mosquitoes. Picking the cattle tick by hand and burning it is the 
most reliable method which has yet been proposed for its destruction. 
A stroke of the hand or a wisp of grass, a strap or even a whip may 
accomplish the desired end, while sprays of kerosene emulsion may be 
used to destroy clusters of flies and mosquitoes on cattle as they come 
from the pastures in evening. 
A trap arranged at a stable door for catching flies from the backs of 
cattle has been described in many agricultural papers, and the following 
