NOTICES OF NEW BOOKS. 35 
whole living world which have no relation to their owners or are 
occasionally harmful to them, and hence are certainly not the 
result of selection.’ In fact, in the coloration of insects, ‘‘ we 
meet with an arbitrariness striving to produce attributes without 
regard for their possessors, and, therefore, obviously to be looked 
upon as the emanation of a Will existing above the Universe.” 
Probably no greater service can be rendered to evolutionary 
speculation than by thus clearly marshalling every objection. 
We become nauseated by simple advocacy, which is often little 
more than an advertised assent. Brunner von Wattenwyl has 
here detailed a number of observations which he considers 
unexplainable by the theory of Natural Selection, and to 
support his own views on the subject. These are tersely 
detailed and well illustrated, and though not likely to destroy 
the Darwinian doctrine, are well calculated to modify dogmatic 
and hasty generalizations. We can well imagine the hearty 
welcome Darwin would have given these alleged contradictions to 
his theory, and the candid manner in which he would have 
discussed and probably re-explained them. 
The Lafe of Sir Stamford Raffles. By Dermerrius CHARLES 
Bovuueer. Horace Marshal] & Son. 
Sir STAMFORD RaFFLES, whose name is interwoven with that 
of our Hastern possessions as the founder of Singapore, has a 
more peculiar claim on the memory of our readers as the founder 
of the Zoological Society, and as one whose name is frequently 
used in the specific designation of many species of Hastern 
animals; and though the details of his life belong principally to the 
administration of Kastern islands, the time he thus passed was 
also fruitful in the study of, and assistance rendered to, Zoology. 
Raffles commenced his career without the flotation acquired by 
what—if we recollect aright—Huxley once called ‘“‘social corks”’ ; 
and though he may well be spared the indignity of that vague 
term, so much in vogue, “a self-made man,” it cannot be 
disputed that he early formed lofty aims and achieved a very 
large measure of success. He was born at sea, on board a 
merchant-ship commanded by his father, left school at the age 
D2 
