INDIAN WILD CATTLE. 5 
the question cropped up about two years ago. Mr. Bartlett, the late 
superintendent of the ‘‘ Zoo,” wrote that the one that lived in the 
Gardens had a well-developed one. Hiliot, Jerdon, Campbell, 
Sterndale, all said he had none, and I too was of that opinion ; but 
‘“‘Smoothbore”’ writes: “‘ A planter of many years’ experience in 
Tranvancore, and a keen observant sportsman, states that in 
some examples the Gaur have scarcely any dewlap, and that in 
others it is strongly developed. So marked is this difference, 
that the natives divide them into two castes, calling one ‘ Katu 
Madoo’ or Jungle Cow, and the other ‘ Kat-erimy’ or Jungle 
Buffalo. He has shot old bulls with at least six inches of skin 
hanging clear of the chest and throat. This seems extra- 
ordinary, when naturalists have mostly described the Gaur as 
having little or no dewlap. Dewlap originally meant the loose 
fold descending from the chest, which when the animal was 
grazing swept the dew: thus, in ‘Midsummer Night’s Dream,’ 
hounds.are described as ‘ dew-lapped, like Thessalian bulls’; but 
in the humped Indian cattle the fold extends from the throat 
downwards, and in the Mysore draught bullocks and in the 
Brahmini bulls is enormous, whilst in the ordinary village cattle 
the development is small.” 
The following notes on the Gaur will be interesting to most 
readers. Mr. A. F. Martin, of Travancore, writes :— 
“When the Kaunan Devan Hills in North Travancore were 
opened out for tea and cinchona, some years ago, the felling 
of the forest restricted the wild beasts, particularly the Elephants | 
and Bison, when passing across the estate, to one or two 
pathways. One particular track was, however, left to them for 
about ten years, when further cultivation led at last to the 
blocking up of even this right of way. The animals were at first 
much puzzled, and both Elephants and Gaur took to wandering 
about the cultivation. The Elephants accommodated themselves 
to the altered conditions and used the estate paths. The Gaur, 
more suspicious, took a straight line for their grazing grounds 
over the rotten felled timber and through the older cinchona 
plantations, but were often brought up by the sight of white- — 
washed walls surmounted by a corrugated iron roof. 
* At last they settled down to a pathway between the old 
cinchona and a natural belt left between it and the new clearing. 
