170 THE ZOOLOGIST. 
use a foot for a pillow on which to rest their heads. They are 
very human-like in many of their ways. They get a piece of 
wood and use it as a toothpick; they will plug a wound with clay > 
they scratch themselves with the tip of their trunk, or if they 
cannot reach the part they take up a small branch and use that. 
When thoroughly alarmed and seized with a panic,—by no 
means a rare occurrence,—scarcely anything will stop an Ele- 
phant. A sportsman incautiously took his steed up to a dead 
Bear, as he thought; but in putting her hind foot on Bruin, 
from whom no more sport was expected, she began to jump and 
trumpet, and set off at a fearful pace:—‘‘On looking round I saw 
that the Bear. had hold with his teeth of the right side of the — 
Elephant’s buttock. I instantly fired, and Bruin this time really 
fell dead; but the Elephant continued her mad career,—the 
howdah was broken amongst the sal trees, and it was only on 
arriving at a river where another Elephant was tethered that she 
pulled up.” 
There has been much controversy regarding the age to which ~ 
an Hlephant is supposed to live. The late Mr. Sanderson wrote — 
a charming book, ‘Thirteen Years Among the Wild Beasts of 
India.’ In it he stated he believed that these animals lived up 
to one hundred and fifty years; that is, that the ordinary 
duration of Behemoth’s life was one hundred and fifty compared — 
to that of a man’s seventy. In this I think he was altogether 
mistaken. The same sources of information—viz. the mahouts— 
were equally open to me. I had Elephants under me for over 
twenty-one years. My jemadar was a Keddah Havildar. I knew 
Mr. Nuttal, superintendent of Keddahs, for over thirty years, — 
and they ridiculed the idea of general longevity in these animals. 
Mr. H. D. Nuttal says :— 
“‘T have had an Hlephant trained in a fortnight, but it z 
generally takes two months and often longer. I have had ~ 
Elephants out Tiger shooting two and a half months after — 
capture; and five months after capture I have had them out — 
chasing wild Elephants in the jungles, and even lassoed others 
off their backs.” 
As to their duration of life, he makes the following remarks, 
and the reader must remember that this gentleman was a Keddah 
officer of very many years’ standing :— 
