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THE MAMMALIA OF GREAT YARMOUTH AND 
ITS IMMEDIATE NEIGHBOURHOOD). 
By ARrtTHuR PATTERSON. 
GREAT YARMOUTH, the second town in importance in Norfolk, 
and celebrated the world over for its Herring fishery and “‘bloater 
cure,” stands on a peninsula; it is bounded on the east by the 
North Sea, and on the west by the River Yare, from which it 
derives its name. It is situated in lat. 52° 36’ 40” north, and 
long. 1° 44’ 22” east. From London it is 108 miles in a direct | 
line, and south-east from Norwich nineteen miles ‘as the crow 
flies.” 
Southwards to Lowestoft extends a long line of cliffs, averaging 
30 ft. in height, ‘composed principally of disrupted crag, sand, 
and clay, beneath which has occasionally been laid bare a stratum 
of blue clay, the wreck of the Lias.’”’* In these cliffs the remains 
of the Mammoth, and on one occasion the skull of a Beaver, have 
been met with. 
Northward runs a long range of low sandhills, which, like the 
cliffs southwards, have been and are suffering severely from the 
encroachments of heavy tides; as recently as Nov. 29th, 1897, 
the sea broke through immediately north of Winterton, drowning 
a number of Rabbits on the warren. Owing to want of sufficient 
care in keeping up the sandhills, and encouraging the growth of 
the marrum grass (Ammophila arundinacea), Agropyrum junceum, 
the sand-sedge (Carex arenaria), all of which are indigenous to 
the locality, they are become no longer a sturdy barrier against 
the wild ravings of the rough North Sea. The North and South 
Denes are less conspicuous undulations of blown sand held 
together by the creeping roots of the rest-harrow (Ononis spinus), 
the sea-purslane (Arenaria peploides), and others. Within the 
past few years the furze, which came quite up to the town 
* C. J. and James Paget, ‘A Sketch of the Natural History of Great 
Yarmouth,’ p.iv. 1834, 
