CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS. 33" 
2. Four applications, when made just at the right time, are suff- 
cient to control the disease satisfactorily, but in order to be sure of 
covering the infection periods one or two additional applications may 
be necessary. 
3. The applications should be made at intervals of two weeks, 
beginning about six weeks after the trees bloom. 
4, It is necessary to spray the trees thoroughly, coating the fruit 
on all sides with fine mist-like applications. 
5. Other diseases, such as scab, leaf-spot, and sooty-blotch, may be 
controlled in connection with the treatment of bitter-rot. 
For the treatment of bitter-rot alone, spray the trees thoroughly 
with Bordeaux mixture at intervals of two weeks until five applica- 
tions have been made, beginning not later than forty days after the 
petals have fallen (in Virginia usually about June 10 to 15). 
For the combined treatment of apple scab and bitter-rot, spray the 
trees with Bordeaux mixture (1) just before they bloom (but after the 
cluster buds have opened and exposed the flower buds); (2) as soon as 
the petals fall; (8) a week or ten days later; and (4) about forty to fifty 
days after the shedding of the petals, and at intervals of two weeks 
thereafter until, in all, seven or eight applications have been made. 
It is true, of course, that the number of applications required and 
the dates on which they should be made depend to a considerable extent 
upon the season, but the treatment should always begin before the 
infection period, which may occur as early as forty to fifty days after 
the fruit has set (in Virginia, perhaps by the middle of June in some 
seasons). 
In a dry or cool season the intervals between the later sprayings 
may be lengthened, thus reducing the number of applications required, 
provided the fruit is first thoroughly coated, which will necessitate at 
least two applications. 
On the other hand, in.a hot, humid season it will probably be neces- 
sary to shorten the intervals and increase the total number of appli- 
cations. 
Should, for any reason, the treatment be delayed until after it is 
discovered that infection has taken place, the trees should be thor- 
ougly sprayed twice in rapid succession with an interval of only a few 
days, in order to coat the fruit thoroughly as quickly as possible. With 
one application alone it is difficult to coat the fruits sufficiently to pro- 
tect against bitter-rot, and the second application, which adheres better 
than the first on account of the presence of the previous coating and 
also reaches parts of the fruit not touched before, is necessary for 
thorough protection. 
