a2 THE CONTROL OF APPLE BITTER-ROT. 
water came from a spring about 100 yards above the platform, and was 
conducted into the barrels and tanks on the platform through open 
troughs. Where the convenience of an elevated spring is lacking, the 
water may be pumped up by hand, windmill, or engine. 
METHOD OF APPLYING BORDEAUX MIXTURE. 
The following account of the method of applying the Bordeaux 
mixture in the experiments of the Bureau of Plant Industry may per- 
haps serve as a guide to fruit growers in treating their orchards. 
One can not emphasize too strongly the necessity of reaching every 
part of the tree with the spray and coating the fruits on all sides. 
The spraying was done with a specially constructed pump and a 
tank of 200 gallons capacity. The pump is fitted with two sections of 
y-inch hose, each 25 feet long, with a 14-foot bamboo extension rod 
attached and double Vermorel nozzles. ‘This outfit is seen in opera- 
tion in Plate VIII, figure 2. When convenient two trees were sprayed 
at the same time, and the operators were thus kept out of each other's 
way. In spraying the tall trees the operator had to stand on the spray 
tank or climb the tree. Where the conditions will admit, an elevated 
platform built on top of the spray tank should be used for this purpose, 
but in the case here mentioned the land was too steep. 
In making the first application great care was taken to coat the bark 
thoroughly from the ground to the tips of the twigs, but later appli- 
- cations were aimed at the fruit and foliage only. Nozzles with small 
apertures were used and the pressure was kept as high as one could 
maintain it with a hand pump. This produced a fine mist, and the 
attempt was made to spray the tree so thoroughly as to envelop every 
apple in this mist. So far as practicable, the trees were sprayed from 
every direction so as to hit every apple all over. When it could be 
avoided, the trees were not left dripping, the aim being to pepper the 
fruit and leaves thoroughly without producing drops large enough to 
run off. Good spraying does not consist in drenching the tree. 
For extensive operations some form of power sprayer should be 
used where the conditions are suitable. Gasoline sprayers are per- 
haps the most promising, but in some instances they have been disap- 
pointing. 
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS. 
Summarizing the results obtained, and considering the fact that the 
experiments were made during a season unusually favorable to bitter- 
rot, the following conclusions may be drawn: 
1. Bitter-rot can be completely controlled by proper applications of 
Bordeaux mixture, 93.3 to 98.9 per cent of sound fruit having been 
saved by such treatment in these experiments, while the checks rotted 
completely. 
