RESULTS IN SEVERAL ORCHARDS. 29 
directions of the Bureau of Plant Industry, and the writer was able to 
see the work in progress from time to time and to note the results. 
The treatment consisted of eight applications of Bordeaux mixture, 
corresponding very closely to Plot 5 of the experiment, with the 
omission of the fourth application (June 12), and the results appeared 
to be equally as good as those obtained in that plot (96.6 per cent of 
sound fruit). The commercial spraying was done with the same outfit 
and the same men employed in the experimental work and usually 
began the day after that work was completed. 
The results of this treatment are set forth very clearly in a letter 
from Mr. Goodwin to the writer under date of November 3, 1905, 
as follows: 
Replying to your favor of November 1, I have to say that in accordance with your 
directions Isprayed the major portion of my orchard of Albemarle Pippins eight times, 
beginning the applications on the following dates: April 9, May 2, May 10, June 28, 
July 11, July 26, August 10, and August 26. The portion of the orchard thus 
sprayed had practically no bitter-rot—perhaps not more than 2 per cent. On the 
other hand, the fruit on some 250 trees which could not be sprayed owing to steepness 
oi land and lack of water was almost entirely lost from the bitter-rot. The crop on | 
this portion of the orchard was estimated at about 800 barreis; but at picking time 
there were no No. 1’s, and only 134 barrels of No. 2’s (nearly all of which were more 
or Jess specked) were gathered. 
I am fully convinced that the bitter-rot may be almost entirely prevented by 
proper spraying with Bordeaux mixture, and in my opinion the establishment of 
this fact has reclaimed the pippin industry in Virginia. The last two crops were 
entirely lost from bitter-rot, whereas the crop the present year was saved by spray- 
ing. My trees are from 12 to 23 years old, and averaged about 3 barrels per tree. 
The trees were very thoroughly sprayed, costing for the eight applications about 30 
cents per tree. 
The orchard referred to was examined from time to time during the 
season, and on July 10 a few apples affected with bitter-rot were found, 
perhaps an average of less than one to each tree in the sprayed portion, 
and slightly more on unsprayed trees. By August 21, 75 per cent of 
the crop on most of the unsprayed trees was destroyed, and the fruit 
out of reach of the spray on the topmost branches of some of the tallest 
trees in the sprayed portion was badly affected, while all trees properly 
treated showed practically no rot. On a certain steep hillside the end 
tree in each row could be sprayed only on one side, resulting in a full 
erop of sound fruit on the sprayed half of the tree, while practically 
all of the fruit rotted on the other half. 
Mr. William B. MacGregor, of Avon, Va., whose orchard is adjacent 
to the Goodwin orchard, sprayed his trees very thoroughly and per- 
sistently throughout the season, and was rewarded with a magnificent 
crop of almost perfect fruit. The writer had opportunities to visit 
this orchard while the spraying work was being done, and also at 
picking time. The course of treatment and summary of results are 
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