INJURIOUS EFFECTS OF THE TREATMENT. Path 
(Yellow Newtown) does not usually suffer from scab so much as some 
other varieties. The same treatment was given a block of Winesaps, 
with the result that the fruit at picking time showed practically no scab, 
while the three unsprayed trees left as checks had 80 per cent of the 
crop affected. 
Leaf-spot.—The disease known as leaf-spot, which also yields read- 
ily to treatment, is very common in Virginia, causing considerable 
damage by defoliating the trees, and certain varieties of apples require 
treatment for this disease alone. Trees sprayed as early as June 12 
held their foliage in fine condition until after the crop was harvested. 
The three early applications did not entirely prevent the leaf-spot 
disease, and the best results were obtained when the treatment was 
continued until July 25 or later. Winesaps that were sprayed as soon 
as the blossoms were shed, May 1, and at intervals of two weeks until 
three applications had been made, lost practically no foliage from leaf- 
spot. Also two trees sprayed on May 18, about three weeks after the 
blooming period, and on June 12 kept their foliage in perfect condition 
throughout the season. On the other hand three unsprayed Winesaps 
in the same orchard lost 50 to 75 per cent of their leaves by August 7, 
and most of those remaining on the trees at that date were affected. 
The unsprayed Yellow Newtowns, however, did not suffer half so 
much. The trees thus defoliated were not able to properly mature 
the fruit, which at picking time was’ perceptibly smaller than that of 
sprayed trees. In some cases the sprayed fruit was as much as one- 
fourth larger than that on the unsprayed trees. 
Sooty-blotch.—Sooty-blotch also yielded very readily to treatment, 
the fruit on all the sprayed trees being clean, while a portion of the 
untreated fruit was more or less. ‘‘ clouded.” The three early appli- 
cations for scab appeared to be sufficient to control this fungus, though 
in severe cases two applications in July would no doubt be necessary 
to prevent the disease. . 
INJURIOUS EFFECTS OF THE TREATMENT. 
Russeting.—The fruit on all of the trees that received the three 
early applications in the bitter-rot experiment on the Yellow Newtown 
apples developed russet spots or blotches due to the action of the cop- 
per. These blotches sometimes covered half of the apple, dwarfing 
the affected side. Usually, however, the spots were small and very 
irregular in shape, detracting little from the appearance of the apple. 
Fruits that did not receive these early sprayings were not affected, 
and the trouble seems to have resulted entirely from the two applica- 
tions made to the young fruit on May 1 and 9. About 50 per cent of 
the fruit sprayed on these dates showed some russet spots, but the 
disfiguration was apparently not sufficient to affect its market value 
materially. When russeting is feared it might be advisable to use 
less bluestone and a greater quantity of lime in the preparation of 
