THE CODLING MOTH ON PEARS IN CALIFORNIA. 21 



full-grown larvae were found under bands on 10 apple trees. The time 

 from leaving fruit to pupation for this brood, averaging 7J days, 

 would indicate that the first full-grown larvae left fruit in late May. 

 Band records and data obtained by bringing in quantities of wormy 

 fruit picked from trees in May showed a maximum number of first- 

 brood larvae leaving fruit June 14 to 26. However, later-maturing 

 larvae of this brood left fruit as late as July 21. 



In the summer of 1910 many full-grown larvae had left the fruit 

 prior to the 1st of June. At Walnut Creek on June 1, 4 pupae and 

 248 larvae were taken from the bands on 11 apple trees, and at 

 Suisun on June 3, 10 pupae and 45 larvae were taken from bands on 

 15 pear trees. 



Larval life in cocoon. — The time spent from leaving fruit to pupating 

 varied from 3 to 23 days, with an average of 7J days. These records 

 were made from 165 larvae which left fruit from June 7 to July 21 

 and kept in large shell vials out-of-doors. The records for 110 

 individuals will be seen in Table VII. All larvae were put in vials 

 with bits of paper and cloth, and the vials turned upside down on a 

 glass plate for a few days. The larvae usually "cocooned' ? within 24 

 hours after leaving the fruit and the records show the normal time. 

 After the cocoon had been made the vials were placed open end up 

 and covered with cheesecloth. 



FIRST-BROOD PUP^E. 



Time of pupation. — The first pupae were found in the field June 5, 

 1909, when a total of 7 were taken with 49 larvae under bands from 

 21 pear and 10 apple trees. In 1910 pupae were found June 1 and 

 were plentiful in the vicinity of Suisun and Walnut Creek by June 5. 

 At the laboratory the first larva pupated June 12, which had left 

 fruit on June 7. The maximum number of pupae from material 

 collected under bands and larvae leaving fruit at the laboratory 

 occurred from June 20 to 30. 



Length of pupal period. — Records kept out-of-doors for 165 indi- 

 viduals gave a minimum of 10 days and a maximum of 27 days with 

 an average of 16 J days for the time spent in the pupal stage. The 

 records for 110 individuals will be found in Table VII. 



The total time from leaving fruit to the emergence of adults varied 

 from 20 to 47 days, averaging 25.69 days for the individuals under 

 observation. 



71419°— Bull. 97—12 3 



