THE CALIFORNIA PEACH BORER. 77 



The process of spinning the cocoon, as above indicated, occupies 

 about 7 days, and there then follows another period of about a week 

 before pupation is apparent. The larva is inactive during this second 

 period, but wakes up immediately if disturbed or if it is torn from the 

 cocoon. The larva has strength to spin a second cocoon, but in doing 

 so becomes so weakened that it seldom if ever transforms to a moth. 

 The pupal stage occupies a period of about 35 days. The insect is 

 actually in the cocoon from 46 to 56 days. 



EARLIEST, MAXIMUM, AND LATEST APPEARANCES OF PUP.E. 



During the season of 1908 the first pupa of the season was found 

 on April 29, but at this time most larvae were still active and not ready 

 to change to pupae. On May 15 several cocoons were found which 

 contained quiescent larvae, but none of them contained pupae. No 

 empty cocoons had been observed up to this time. Numerous pupae 

 found on May 23, 24, and 26 indicated that the period of pupation 

 had begun. 



Four recently killed trees were examined on May 23 and 26, and 

 besides numerous pupae 12 empty pupal cases were found. These 

 trees had been completely girdled by numerous borers and had died 

 early in the spring, so that a lack of food had caused the borers to 

 hasten through to maturity. These cases were the first for the year 

 and they indicated that this was the beginning of the period when 

 moths were flying. All of these early individuals which were found in 

 dead trees were undersized and the males were about as large as the 

 females. 



During the season of 1909 one quiescent larva in a cocoon was 

 found on February 5 and the first pupa on May 6. On May 19 a 

 second pupa was found. One empty pupal case, the first of the 

 season, was found on the same day; this, again, indicated that the 

 time for flight of the moths was beginning. 



Pupae and empty pupal cases were found frequently during all the 

 summer, but pupae were found in maximum numbers during June, 

 July, and August. The first or earliest empty pupal cases were 

 always collected from trees that were dead or nearly dead and the 

 cases were usually undersized. The later maturing individuals were 

 always found on healthy trees. 



THE ADULT. 



(Fig. 27, d, e.) 



HABITS OF NEWLY EMERGED MOTHS. 



When a moth has just emerged its wings are soft blackish pads 

 and he on the surface of the back, but immediately they begin to 

 open, out and after 10 or 15 minutes are fully expanded. The moths 



