88 DECIDUOUS FRUIT INSECTS AXD INSECTICIDES. 



SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS. 



The life habits of the California peach borer may be summed up as 

 follows: Adult moths are flying from June to and including Septem- 

 ber, and are present in maximum numbers during July and August. 

 As they place their eggs immediately after emerging, the period of 

 oviposition conforms with that of the flight of the moths. 



The egg stage lasts about two weeks, so that the period when the 

 newly hatched larvae are entering the tree is about from the middle 

 of June to the middle of October. The period when they are enter- 

 ing in maximum numbers is from the middle of July to the middle of 

 September. Any repellent or protective wash, therefore, should be 

 applied before the middle of June. 



Worming should be practiced during the winter or early spring 

 months, and it is very important that only sharp tools be used. The 

 bark should be cut and not broken from the tree and so far as possible 

 only dead bark should be cut away. The most effective wash that 

 can be used in conjunction with the worming method is considered 

 to be the lime-crude oil formula Xo. 1. Heavy crude oil is thought 

 to be repellent to the borer moth and acts to draw many of the worms 

 out, but it is extremely injurious to some trees. It is apparently safe 

 when combined with lime. Such preparations as residuum oil, gas 

 tar. or asphalt um can be applied directly to the bark of the tree with 

 only a little danger, but common practice has demonstrated that a 

 combination with lime is almost as efficient and far safer than the 

 crude oil alone. 



BIBLIOGRAPHY. 



1881. Edwards, Henry. — Papilio, vol. 1, no. 10. 

 Description of species. 



1888. Klee, W. G. — Report of Mr. Klee, State Inspector of Fruit Pests. (Bien. Rep. 



State Board Hort. Cal., p. 243.) 



1889. Klee, W. G'. — Essay. Report of Tenth Fruit Growers' Conv., Cal. 

 1889-90. Insect Pests. (Bien. Rep. State Board Hort. Cal., p. 229.) 



1891. Coqtjlllett, D. W., and Riley, C. V. — Discussion. (Insect Life, Div. Ent., 



U. S. Dept. Agr., vol. 3, p. 292.) 

 1891. Craw, A. — Peach tree borers infesting deciduous trees. (Bui. 68, Cal. State 



Board Hort.) 

 1894. Craw, A. — Insect pests and remedies. (Bui. 68, Cal. State Board Hort.) 

 1895-96. Craw, A. — Remedies and preventives. (Bien. Rep. Cal. State Board 



Hort.) 

 1896. Beutenmuller, Wm. — Monograph of the Sesiidse. (Mem. Amer. Mus. Nat. 



Hist.) 

 Description of species and notes, page 271. 



1898. Ehrhorn, E. M. — The crown borer of the peach. (Pacific Rural Press, 



Dec. 24.) 



1899. Ehrhorn, E . M. — Discussion on peach borers. (24th Cal. State Fruit Growers' 



Conv.) 



1900. Craw, A. — Insect pests and remedies. (Bui. 71, Cal. State Board Hort.) 



