120 DECIDUOUS FRUIT INSECTS AND INSECTICIDES. 



Mr. J. C. Crawford determined a parasite reared from this species 

 as belonging to the family Ceraphronidae, but on account of the 

 crushed condition of the insect the species was unrecognizable. 



Many of the parasites reared from this scale belonged to the family 

 Encyrtidae and were sent to Mr. A. A. Girault for determination; 

 they all proved to be one species, SignipJiora pulchra Girault MS. 



The f ollowing is a complete list of the parasites reared by the writer 

 from the grape scale: Ablerus clisiocampse Ashni.; Ablerus n. sp., 

 PJiyscus varicornis How., PJiyscus sp., Azotus marcJiali How., Cocco- 

 phagus n. sp., ApJielinus fuscipennis How., Centrodora sp., Pros- 

 palteUa murtfeldtii How., SignipJiora pulchra Girault MS. The scale 

 was also found infested with the predaceous mite Tyroglyphus sp. 



PREVENTIVES AND REMEDIES. 

 LIME-SULPHUR WASH. 



The lime-sulphur spray mixture is one of the most important 

 insecticides used by the fruit grower in combating scale insects. It 

 is prepared as follows: 



FORMULA. 



Stone lime .pounds. . 20 



Sulphur (flowers or flour) do 15 



Water to make gallons. . 50 



First heat in a kettle or caldron about one-third the quantity of 

 water required. When the water is hot, add all the lime and immedi- 

 ately add all the sulphur. The latter, however, should have been 

 previously put through a fine-mesh sieve in order to eliminate the hard 

 lumps, and have been mixed into a stiff paste with water. When the 

 lime has slaked, about another one-third of the water should be 

 added and the cooking should continue for from 40 minutes to 1 

 hour; then the remainder of the water should be added. The solution 

 should always be strained in order to eliminate the lumps and lessen 

 the danger of clogging the nozzles. 



SELF-BOILED LIME-SULPHUR WASH. 



The self-boiled lime-sulphur mixture is made by the heat generated 

 in slaking the lime, and may be used for spraying infested vines in 

 foliage. 



FORMULA. 



Stone lime pounds. . 8 



Sulphur (flowers or flour) do 8 



Water to make gallons. . 50 



Place the lime in a 50-gallon barrel, add 2 or 3 gallons of cold water, 

 then add the sulphur, which should have been previously screened. 

 Stir the mixture occasionallv and add more water if the solution 



