BEWICK’S SWAN. 53 
in May and June, probably five to seven eggs, smaller than 
those of the Hooper, and dull white and glossless. 
THE FOLLOWING are dimensions, &c., of a male of C. dewzcki :— 
Length, 45 ; expanse, 74; wing, 20°5; tarsus, 5°5 ; bill along 
culmen from, marciny of frontal) feathers, 3°53); to eye, 4:41’: 
tarsus, 3°75. 
The females are smaller, but some males are said to be 
larger than the dimensions above given, and to measure nearly, 
if not quite, 50 inches in length. 
Naumann’s dimensions, however, (converted from the Leip- 
zig foot he uses) for the two sexes are: Male—Length, 42:2 ; 
expanse, 75°8; wing, 195. Fremale.—Length, 39'8 ; expanse, 73°0 
wing, 18°6. 
In the adults in this species the greater part of the bill is 
black, which colour generally extends on the culmen, right up 
to the frontal plumes, but the bare space in front of the 
eyes is bright yellow, as is also the basal portion of the upper 
mandible, the colour extending forwards in a curve, towards, 
but not reaching to, the nostrils; the feet black; the irides 
brown. 
In the young the portions of the bill that are yellow in the 
adult are yellowish fleshy. Theirides are dusky, and the feet 
more of a reddish dusky colour. 
THE PLATE represents fairly both the adult and very young 
bird, but the less said of the blue smudge in the back ground the 
better. In the young of a somewhat more advanced age, the 
plumage is a darker or lighter grey, bluer in some parts, 
browner elsewhere, paler on the lower surface, and almost white 
on the abdomen and lower tail-coverts. 
SWANS EXTEND over the whole world. Besides those already 
mentioned, a fourth at any rate, the Polish Swan, is admitted 
tooccurin Europe. In Asia we have C. davidi of Swinhoe, and 
possibly a second species. Im America four, or possibly five, 
species, and in Australia the well-known Black Swan. Some of 
these are separated by many ornithologists under distinct genera 
—Coscoroba, Chenopsis, &c.—but though they do differ to a 
certain extent, I am, as at present informed, disposed to think 
that they may all be properly retained under the one genus-= 
Cygnus. 
