232 THE CRESTED OR BRONZE-CAPPED TEAL. 
It is not impossible that it wanders, at times, far south of this. 
Although Sharpe and Dresser, David and Oustalet, and other 
writers ignore the fact, this is, itseems to me, * Anas javana of 
Boddaért, founded on plate 930 (and a very fair plate it is of an 
immature male) of the Planches Hnluminées, the original of 
which is explicitly stated to have been received from Java. 
To Europe even it has wandered at long intervals, and speci- 
mens are said to have been procured in Sweden, Hungary, and 
near Vienna. Butin Asia it has not been observed in Mongolia 
westward of the valley of the Hoang-ho, or anywhere in 
Chinese Tibet, Yarkand, Western Turkestan or the Caspian, 
though I cannot help suspecting it will prove to occur on the 
latter. 
THERE Is little or nothing on record as to the habits and 
haunts of this species, which may be assumed to be generally 
very similar to those of the other Teal, Gadwall, &c. 
Prjevalski says “that it usually forms flocks with other 
kinds, but very rarely alone. Its voice is a tolerably loud and 
piercing whistle.” 
Schrenk remarks that he has often come unperceived on 
this species, like the Common Teal, cackling as it fed, carried 
downwards by the current along the grassy banks of small 
streams, and that it thus happened to him on the 2nd of 
October to kill, successively, within a few minutes, three of these 
Teal without moving from his place. 
Radde tells us that the stomachs of some he shot on the 
13th of April, just after their arrival, contained nothing but 
fragments of quartz and a few shoots of plants. He adds that 
it certainly migrates southwards earlier than the other fresh 
water fowl, as the migration commences on the first days of 
September. 
A great deal has been written about this species ; but I have 
vainly searched the pages of Latham, Pallas, Brandt, Midden- 
dorff, Radde, Schrenk, Bree, Sharpe and Dresser, Taczanowski, 
David and Oustalet, Prjevalski, Swinhoe’s papers, &c., &c., in 
the hopes of finding some intelligent detailed account of its 
flight, food, voice, habits, and the like ; and it is to be hoped that 
Indian sportsmen, who may hereafter come across it, will notice 
and record all they can on these subjects. 
THE CRESTED TEAL has decidedly a more southern breedin§ 
range than the Clucking Teal. The former nests in the valley 
of the Hoang-ho and Lake Hanka, where none of the latter 
ever remain to breed. The latter,on the other hand, breed 
* Brandt says that Latham confounded the Falcated Teal with the similar Java™ 
form; but Latham was, I think, quite right, and the figure in the P. Z. is clearly th® 
young male of this species, before it has lost the brown back. 
Ses 
