260 THE RED-CRESTED POCHARD. 
ALTHOUGH SOME males are very much heavier than any 
females, there is not much difference in the size of the sexes. 
Adults measure :—- 
Males—Length, 20°5 to 22°1 ; expanse, 34'0 to 38°2; wing, 
LOO. to 10°75; tail from vent, 3°0 to 4:2; tarsus, 1:5 to F7e 
bill from, gape, 2°3 to 2°42; weight, 1 Ib. 12 ozs. to 2 ibs. 14 ozs. 
Females.—Length, 20'1 to 22'°0; expanse, 33°75 to 37:0; wing, 
96 to 1025-5 tail from vent, 3'5 to, 3°38; tarsus, T-5ote mys 
bill from gape, 2°25 to. 24; weight, 1 Ib. 10 ozs) tomzaibs 
6 ozs. 
In the adult male the bill is a brilliant crimson, sometimes 
a little inclining to vermilion ; the nail brown, or white tinged 
with brownish horn, or pink horny brown or yellow at tip. 
There is often a dusky shade round the nostrils; the gape is 
often blackish, as is likewise the base of the lower mandible 
and the basal portion of the membrane between its rami; but 
these are all traces, I think, of immaturity. 
In the female (and young males) the bill is black, reddish or 
_ orange towards the tip, and more or less so along the sides of 
the lower, and edges of the upper, mandible. 
The legs and feet are dingy salmon colour or reddish orange, 
dusky on the joints and blackish on the webs ; but in slightly 
younger, though full plumaged birds, the legs and feet will be 
olivaceous orange, pale olive yellow, dingy buffy yellow, reddish 
brown, or lastly dusky with a reddish tinge. 
The irides vary from brown to red (this latter being the 
colour in the old adult), and are, at different ages, brown, 
brownish yellow, reddish brown, orange, orange red, and bright 
red. ; 
Dr. Scully gives the following particulars of a quite young 
bird :— 
“9, Juv. Yarkand, 29th July—Length, 19'4 ; expanse, 33 ; 
wing, 8:9 ; tarsus, 1°4; bill from gape, 2°1 ; weight, 1 Ib. 4°75 ozs. 
Bill dusky above, brownish below ; legs and feet dusky, 
yellowish green in parts.” 
THE PLATE is, on the whole, satisfactory, but the male figured 
was not a very full plumaged adult, and the barring about the 
white flank patch is a trace of immaturity. Moreover both the 
scapulars and the shoulder of the wing are somewhat too 
rufescent ; they should be greyer. In some of the plates there 
are certain small black streaks on the head of the male; this is, 
I believe, a defect in the printing ; nothing like it is observable 
in any specimen I possess. 
In fine adult males the feathers of the crown and occiput 
are even more developed than is shown in the plate, and are of 
a conspicuously yellower and paler colour than the sides of the 
head. 
