278 THE TUFTED POCHARD. 
except in the north of the Coimbatore* district, nor has it been 
yet recorded from Ceylon. Here too, however, our information 
is very imperfect, and stragglers will probably turn up in many 
districts whence the species has not yet been noticed. 
Outside our limits, this species is said to be common in China, 
as far south as Formosa at any rate, (and doubtless it goes further 
south), from October to March, and it has likewise been obtained 
in Japan. 
It is not scarce on the spring migration in Mongolia and 
at the Koko-Nor, and some few remain to breed at Lake Hanka. 
It is common and breeds in Dauria, arriving about the middle 
of May and leaving towards the close of October. Similarly 
it is common in South-eastern Siberia in summer. But Mid- 
dendorff did not apparently meet with it in Northern Siberia, 
nor have our explorers met with it in Eastern Turkestan. 
In Western Turkestan,} however, it occurs on passage through- 
out and remains in some districts the whole winter. In this 
season, too, it is not uncommon in Afghanistan, both Northern 
and Southern, and has been sent from Beluchistan. It is 
abundant on the Caspian, and will probably prove to occur in 
suitable localities throughout Persia, in winter, since besides 
occurring in Beluchistan and on the Caspian, it has been sent 
from Mesopotamia, and is not uncommon at that season in 
Asia Minor and Palestine. In Lower Egypt it is very common, 
extending southwards along the Nile into Nubia, and Blan- 
ford found it in pairs, in May,on Lake Ashangi in Abyssinia 
in about 12° 30’ North Latitude (about the same latitude as 
Madras), but, be it remembered, at an elevation of 8,500 feet. 
Westwards it is a winter visitant to the rest of Northern 
Africa, and it seems to occur throughout Europe (excluding 
Iceland), to the major portion of the Continent as a cold 
weather visitant only, but breeding in England occasionally, 
and more regularly in Norway (to the extreme north), Nor- 
thern Sweden, Finland, Northern and Central Russia and 
Northern Germany. 
* Mr. Albert Theobald, who has collected for years, in the southernmost districts 
of the Madras Presidency, writes :— 
**T have only seen this duck in the northern part of Coimbatore and in the 
Mysore country ; they come in at the latter end of November and _ leave about 
April or May. They are not very common and keep in small flocks of four to 
Six. 
“It prefers large open tanks or lakes, keeping to the middle. I am not certain 
if they resort to the fields at nights, as I have not shot them in such localities. 
** The best way to shoot them is to have a small punt or canvas canoe disguised 
with green boughs tied to the prow, and gently propelled by paddling, or by a man 
swimming behind with his hands on the stern of the boat.” 
+ No. 376.—CEDEMIA CRISTATA (L.) of Dresser’s notes on Severtzoff’s Fauna of 
Turkestan. /éis, 1876, p. 420, can only be meant for this species, though Linné 
(and L. only stands for the great Swedish Naturalist) never called any duck 
cristata, and the present species can, in no possible manner, be classed as a Scotter. 
