286 THE GOLDEN-EYE OR GARROT, 
and the Amoor region it is found in winter or seen on passage 
extending to Saghalien and Kamschatka. A certain number 
probably breed in Southern Siberia, but the majority go fur- 
ther north, though probably scarcely crossing the 7oth degree 
North Latitude. It was not one of the species seen on the 
Boganida by Middendorff. 
In winter it is rare about Kashghar. Stoliczka obtained a 
single specimen there in February, but neither Henderson nor 
Scully met with it. In Western Turkestan, however, it is more 
common, and was observed by Severtzoff both in winter and 
during passagein many places. Stoliczka found numbers early 
in May at Lake Sirikul on the Pamir (Lake Victoria of Woods), 
elevation over 10,000 feet, waiting according to the people of 
the neighbourhood until the lake, then mostly frozen over, 
was clear of ice, to breed. It is often seen near Cabul and in 
Northern Afghanistan generally, during the winter, but has 
not yet been observed about Kandahar, in Beluchistan or 
Persia, though it certainly occurs on the Persian shores of the 
Caspian and eleswhere in that sea. It is common at the 
Same season in the Black Sea, and on the northern coasts 
of Asia Minor; but there is no reliable record of its occurrence 
elsewhere in Asia Minor, or in Palestine or Egypt, or any- 
where in Northern Africa, except in Algiers, to which it isa 
rare straggler. | 
The whole of Europe, including the Islands of the Mediterra- 
nean, but excluding Iceland (where, as in Greenland, it is 
replaced by a very closely allied form) falls within its range; 
but though it may occasionally have bred in Scotland, 
Shetland and elsewhere, it may, broadly speaking, be said to 
be only a winter migrant or bird of passage everywhere except 
in Norway, Sweden, Finland, Northern and Central Russia 
and the provinces lying along the southern coast of the Baltic, 
in almost all of which it breeds, more or less regularly, though 
its main breeding zone is perhaps between the 62nd and 68th 
degrees of North Latitude. 
Again, in the New World, it may be said to extend over 
the whole of North America, wandering as far south as 
Mexico and Cuba; but throughout the northern portion of this 
range the form already alluded to (C. zs/andica), and through 
its entirety, the little Buffle-head (C. a/beola), also occur. 
THERE IS nothing to record of its habits here, where at present 
it can only rank as a rare and accidental winter straggler, and 
I shall therefore quote a part of what Macgillivray tells us 
about its mode of life. He says :— 
“It is chiefly to lakes, pools, and rivers, that they resort, 
generally in small flocks, but sometimes in great numbers, 
and their food consists principally of the larve of aquatic 
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