39 



costing at wholesale in San Francisco (T. W. Jackson & Co., No. 104 

 Market street) $2.50. This is sufficiently strong, and to use more is 

 unnecessary, as it was found that even 3 pints of the emulsion to the 

 plant would do the work. 



I will give here a receipt for preparing the cheapest compound. This 

 is with common caustic soda, such as is sold at wholesale at about 5 

 cents per pound : 



Caustic soda, 77 per cent pounds. . 5 



Eesin do . . . 40 



Water to make *„. gallons.. 50 



First the soda should be dissolved over fire with 4 gallons of water, 

 then the resin added and dissolved properly, after which the required 

 water can be given slowly while boiling to make the 50 gallons of com- 

 pound. This will make 500 gallons of the diluent, sufficient for 100 

 plants, and costing about 84 cents. 



While a much weaker solution would kill the Phylloxera, this is 

 recommended, as it also destroys their eggs effectively. Below are 

 given the results of some of the experiments to show the effects of 

 various strengths. Most of these have been duplicated or tried upon 

 several plants. A small mite (Tyroglyplius sp.), always very abundant 

 among the Phylloxera, and, as a rule, feeding upon the sap of the 

 roots, yet from numerous empty skins appearing to feed also upon the 

 lice, was in no case injured by these resin washes. 



Compound No. 1. — Bicarbonate of soda, 3 pounds ; resin, 4 pounds, and 

 water to make 40 pints, costing 15 cents. 



Compound, 1 gallon ; water, 6 gallons ; in holes 4 feet in diameter. 

 Destroyed insects to about 12 inches in depth from original surface, as 

 well as the eggs of the same, which became dark in color. 



Compound, one half gallon ; water, 4 gallons. Destroyed all insects 

 where they were reached (occasionally a living one running about). 



Compound, 1 part; water, 10 parts; about 10 gallons of the fluid 

 used. This will destroy all lice and their eggs completely to 12 inches 

 from original surface, but not deeper. 



Compound, 1 part; water, 12 parts; 9J gallons used. Twenty-four 

 hours after application some of the solution remained still on top, and 

 on examining 6 days later it was found that it had penetrated the ground 

 to 12 inches from original surface. Much of the solution had evap- 

 orated and left a brown scum (dry soap) on top. It will also destroy 

 most, if not all, of the eggs. 



Compound, 1 part ; water, 14 parts. Three and three-fourths gallons 

 of the diluent in holes 2 feet in din meter killed the insects to 8 inches 

 in depth, or 14 inches from original surface. 



Compound, lpart; water, 16 parts ; 8.} gallons diluent. Occasion- 

 ally a living insect found and large numbers of mites on the nearly 

 dead vines. 



