16 Miscellaneous Circular 74, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture 
Pen 9.—Pen 9 of second-cross calves makes an interesting com- 
parison with pen 8, for here we see heifers slightly younger yet 
having deeper bodies, fuller heart girths, better frames, not so tall, 
but possessing greater refinement and superior conformation. 
Pen 10.—The third-cross heifer calves seen in this pen average 
about a year old and for young cattle show their breeding and char- 
acter to a very noticeable extent. This pen has a great many ob- 
servers, partly because a county extension agent is discussing the 
stock for the benefit of a group of high-school boys he has brought 
with him. 
‘““ These calves have shorter legs, deeper bodies, fuller heart girth, 
and are smoother and broader in the back than those in the last two 
pens,” he explains. The heifers in this pen and most of those in 
Fic. 8.—A third-cross cow, representing 87.5 per cent of Shorthorn blood (in addi- 
tion to whatever she may have possessed originally). Though slightly flat over 
the loin, this animal is blocky, deep bodied, and thickly fleshed 
pens 8 and 9, we learn from the attendant, are the type being selected 
for developing future breeding cows of the demonstration. 
Pen 11.—Just as we are about to inquire where some Sni-a-Bar 
steers, of which we have heard so much, can be seen, we observe the 
sien “ First-Cross Steer Calves” over pen 11. The pen contains 10 
steers ranging from 11 to 13 months of age. An employee explains 
that these steers and also those in the next two pens have been on 
feed for seven to nine months, according to age. “There has been 
no culling,” he adds, “and each pen shows the exact product of the 
cross to which it belongs. The three pens—11, 12, and 13—repre- 
sent all the steers of these ages and breeding on the farm. Besides, 
the steers of these groups have all been fed together and all have 
had the same chance.” 
Pen 12.—To observe the difference, we study the 15 second-cross 
steers in pen 12. They have shorter legs, deeper bodies, are 
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