16 DECIDUOUS FKUIT INSECTS AND INSECTICIDES. 



Those regions where serious outbreaks of this pest have occurred 

 have been recorded and the habits of the insect and the character of 

 injury are described in detail. Since the character of injury to the 

 grape berry by the grape curculio (Craponius insequalis Say) coincides 

 quite closely with that of the grape-berry moth, the work of this 

 insect is described in order that the injury done by these two insects 

 may not be confused. 



A description is given of the stages of the insect, those of the larval 

 and adult forms being quoted from the paper on ' 'Some new species 

 of Polychrosis," by Mr. W. D. Kearfott. 1 



In connection with the rearing experiments it has been found that 

 a large number of hymenopterous parasites prey upon this insect in 

 its larval and pupal stages, and during this investigation 12 additional 

 parasites have been added to the list recorded by Prof. Slingerland in 

 1904. 



During tne seasons of 1907 and 1908 the investigation of the grape 

 root-worm occupied the greater part of the time of the force engaged 

 in the study of grape pests. For this reason the life-history studies 

 covering those seasons were rather fragmentary. During the season 

 of 1909, however, the junior author devoted the greater share of his 

 time to a detailed study of the life history of this pest. From the 

 records secured by him in this relation the data covering the various 

 stages of a large number of individuals, presented under the topic of 

 seasonal history for 1909, have been compiled. 



These life-history studies indicate that there is only one full brood 

 of larvae and a partial second brood each season in this region, whereas 

 it was previously supposed that there were two full broods and a par- 

 tial third brood of larvae. These records also show the relation of the 

 emergence of the spring brood of moths to the time of blooming of the 

 grape, and the approximate percentage of hrst-brood larvae which 

 appear before and after the blooming period, thus indicating the pos- 

 sible relative value of poison-spray applications made against the 

 larvae before and after the blossoming period. 



Field experiments with po'ison sprays covering several acres of 

 badly infested vineyard were conducted for the three consecutive 

 seasons of 1907, 1908, and 1909, in the vineyard of Mr. W. S. Wheeler, 

 at North East, Pa. These experiments indicate that on account of 

 the extreme variability of infestation of vineyard areas by this pest 

 it is very difficult to lay out an arrangement of plats which will show 

 the relative value of poison-spray applications of varying strength 

 and time of application. Yet there is no doubt that poison-spray 

 applications, made with thoroughness and with due regard to the 

 manner of application, at the time that the larvae of the first brood 



i Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, vol. 30, pp. 292-293, 1904. 



