18 DECIDUOUS FKUIT INSECTS AND INSECTICIDES. 



In addition to accepting the conclusion of Dr. Riley and Mr. Zeller 

 that the American grape-berry moth is an introduced species, Ameri- 

 can entomologists previous to Prof. Slingerland's investigations 

 were under the impression that this insect fed and reproduced on sev- 

 eral plants other than the grapevine. During his investigation of 

 this insect Prof. Slingerland reared adult moths from many of the 

 plants upon which the grape-berry moth was supposed to feed and 

 in no case was this insect reared from any other plants than from the 

 fruit and blossom clusters of the wild and the cultivated grapevines. 

 Authentic specimens of the European species were secured by him, 

 and these, together with moths reared from other plants and sup- 

 posed to be the grape-berry moth, were turned over to Mr. W. D. 

 Kearfott for comparison with a large number of American grape- 

 berry moths reared from the fruit of both wild and cultivated grapes. 



These comparisons and rearing records made by Mr. Kearfott and 

 Prof. Slingerland have resulted in the former separating the Poly- 

 chrosis viteana of Clemens from the European species and consid- 

 ering i ■'■, a distinctly native American species feeding and reproduc- 

 ing solely upon the blossom clusters and the fruit of wild and culti- 

 vated grapevines. Closely related forms of Polychrosis reared from 

 plants other than the grape have been divided by Kearfott into 

 several new species. 



ORIGIN AND DISTRIBUTION. 



In regard to the origin of the grape-berry moth, as mentioned 

 under the topic dealing with the history of this insect, American 

 entomologists previous to the investigations of Prof. M. V. Slinger- 

 land considered it to have been introduced from Europe. On page 

 56 of Bulletin No. 223 of the Cornell Agricultural Experiment Station 

 issued during 1904, Slingerland gives several paragraphs under the 

 heading " Comparative notes on the American and European grape- 

 berry moths" which present his views and conclusions on this subject. 

 These are as follows: 



Comparative Notes on the American and European Grape-Berry Moths. 



In 1860, Clemens (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., p. 369) named some moths Endo- 

 piza? viteana which he reared from caterpillars feeding on grape-berries, wild raspberry 

 fruits, and leaves of sassafras. About eight years later, the grape-feeder attained the 

 rank of a serious pest in vineyards, and two other names were suggested for it. Rath- 

 von (Prac. Farmer, Nov. and Dec, 1868, p. 170 and 48) called it the grape codling- 

 moth (Carpocapsa vitisella) and Packard gave it the name of Penthina vitivorana 

 (Guide the Study of Insects, p. 336). In 1870, however, Riley sent specimens to 

 Zeller in Prussia, and he said they were identical with the European grape-berry 

 moth (Eudemis botrana Schiff.), thus relegating the American names into the syn- 

 onymy where they have since remained undisturbed^ As soon as we found that the 

 insect infesting New York grape-berries was not following the scheduled life-history 

 of the European pest, doubts at once arose regarding the identity of the American 



