THE GRAPE-BERRY MOTH. 47 



Urogasier [=Apanteles] canarsix Ashm. (Ent. Soc. Wash., IV, 127, with figure). 

 Found the cocoons of this probable parasite in the webbed blossoms where grape-berry 

 moth caterpillars had worked. Two specimens emerged on July 3 and 7. Its other 

 known host is the Pyralid ( Canarsia hammondi) . 



Thymaris slingerlandana Ashm. [fig. 16] (Can. Ent., XXXVI, Nov., p. 333). From 

 August 15 to 27, we reared 17 specimens of this little black Ichneumon with orange- 

 colored, light yellow-banded legs from the cocoons of the grape-berry moths working 

 in both wild and cultivated grapes. Its cocoon occupies about half the space inside 

 the host's cocoon, and evidently the caterpillar was its victim. 



In the miscellaneous rearings of the different stages of the grape- 

 berry moth made at the field laboratory of the Bureau of Entomology 

 at North East, Pa. , from 1906 to 1911, in connection with life-history 

 studies, together with parasitized specimens observed and collected 

 in the vineyards, 12 additional hymenopterous parasites of different 

 species have been recorded as preying upon this insect. This makes 

 a total list of 17 different parasites known to prey upon this vineyard 

 pest in the Lake Erie Valley at some stage or other of its life cycle. 

 This is a long list of natural enemies for an insect. These parasites 

 are doubtless an important factor in reducing the numbers of the 

 grape-berry moth and their occurrence may explain to some extent 

 the fluctuations in its numbers which occur from year to year. 



In the rearing work conducted at North East, Pa., all of the adult 

 parasites emerged from jars containing either larvae or pupae of the 

 grape-berry moth during the period between July 12 and September 

 14. No parasites were collected in the early spring from overwinter- 

 ing cocoons, although a large amount of this material was carried over 

 the winter of 1908 for the purpose of making life-history studies dur- 

 ing the season of 1909. This would indicate that parasitism is most 

 active upon the developing first brood of larvae and pupae about the 

 period at which this brood exists in the greatest numbers. It would 

 seem, therefore, that the great activity of these parasites during this 

 period must be an important factor in curtailing the second brood 

 of grape-berry moth larvae that is so destructive to the grape berries 

 at the approach of the ripening season. 



Five of the parasites reared were braconids, seven were ichneu- 

 monids, all reared from larvae and pupae, and one, a chalcidid, 

 reared from the eggs of the grape-berry moth. All of the parasites 

 with the exception of the egg parasites were determined by Mr. H. L. 

 Viereck, of the Bureau of Entomology. Their names are given in 

 Table XXI, which also gives the date of their emergence, the stage 

 of the host, the number reared, and the other host insects from 

 which they have been previously recorded. 



