52 DECIDUOUS FRUIT INSECTS AND INSECTICIDES. 



BAGGING THE CLUSTERS. 



In some parts of New York State the fruit on many acres of Niagara 

 grapevines is protected by inclosing each cluster in a paper bag 

 immediately after blossoming. The bagging of clusters of this 

 variety is done primarily for protection against rot. This method of 

 control, however, involves considerable expense and while very 

 effective can not be employed as a means of protection except on 

 choice table varieties, and hence will not appeal to the large producers 

 of grapes for wine or grape-juice purposes. 



HAND PICKING INFESTED BERRIES. 



By hand picking the infested berries from the clusters in July and 

 early August the size of the second brood may be greatly reduced. 

 The infested green berries are made conspicuous by the presence of a 

 purple spot at the point of entrance of the larvae. Sometimes the 

 berry cracks open and again several small berries may be tied together 

 by a silken web (see PI. V, fig. 2). Before the berries in the cluster 

 are large enough to touch each other the infested berries may be 

 readily discerned, but at a later date it is necessary either to handle 

 each cluster or to examine the fruit from both sides of the trellis. 

 The infested berries collected in this way should be removed from the 

 vineyard and the larvae destroyed. This may be done by immersing 

 the berries in a kettle of boiling water or bur}dng them beneath 

 several inches of soil. 



REMOVAL OF " TRIMMINGS." 



During the past few years it has become a common practice to pick 

 and pack the fruit in baskets in the vineyard. In this case the 

 "wormy" berries are removed from the clusters and allowed to fall 

 to the ground and thus the larvae infesting them remain in the vine- 

 yard to infest the crop during the next season. A better method 

 which is practiced by some vineyardists is to have each picker carry 

 an extra basket into which these infested "trimmings" can be placed 

 and be removed from the vineyard and destroyed. If the badly 

 infested portions of vineyards are harvested at the very opening of 

 the picking season many larvae can be destroyed in this way. At a 

 later date in the harvesting season this removal of the worm-injured 

 berries from the vineyard will not be very effective, for, as previously 

 explained, practically all of the larvae have then left the fruit. 



EXPERIMENTS WITH POISON SPRAYS. 



VINEYARD EXPERIMENTS WITH POISON SPRAYS IN 1907. 



In the spring of 1907 an experiment was undertaken in the vine- 

 yard of Mr. W. S. Wheeler at North East, Pa. (see fig. 17). In 1906 

 and for several seasons previous the fruit in sections of the vinej-ard in 

 which this experiment was conducted had been very badly infested by 

 this insect. 



