THE FRUIT-TREE LEAF-ROLLER. 95 



at Canon City, Colo., where the entire apple crop was absolutely 

 ruined and where the larvae had defoliated the trees so completely 

 that not a green leaf could be seen. (PI. XIV.) At Espanola, 

 N. Mex., fully 75 per cent of the fruit crop in certain apple orchards 

 has been destroyed by these leaf -roller "worms," which have besides 

 caused serious injury to the foliage. Similar conditions have been 

 seen at Yineland and Avondale, Colo. 



The injury to pears is quite similar to that of the apple, but not so 

 extensive. The writer, in talking with orchardists at Espanola, 

 N. Mex., in reference to the amount of injury to pears that had been 

 sprayed twice with arsenate of lead, was informed that one-fourth 

 to one-half of the crop was damaged to such an extent that it could 

 not be packed. Even a very slight feeding on the pear when young 

 often results in an ill-formed specimen when mature. Pear trees 

 are not usually defoliated by the leaf-roller, even if not sprayed. 

 The writer has, however, observed a few instances where they were 

 completely defoliated in a very badly infested district. 



In case of stone fruits, such as plum, apricot, and cherry, much of 

 the pulp, as well as occasionally a part of the stone, is eaten, except 

 with the cherry, which seems to escape injury to the seed. Cherry 

 and plum trees are sometimes entirely defoliated. According to 

 reports from Riverside, N. Mex., during 1909 and 1910 the entire 

 peach crop was destroyed by this pest. During the past two seasons 

 the writer has failed to find a single instance where a peach orchard 

 has been injured very much. The nature of the injury to the peach 

 is a slight feeding on the surface, and the larvae seem never to have 

 eaten into the pulp as far as the stone. 



The injury on small fruits, such as raspberries, currants, goose- 

 berries, etc., is often quite serious, as the larvae not only feed on the 

 foliage but also eat into the fruits. The larvae occasionally feed on 

 the foliage of the grape. Of the shade and forest trees that are 

 attacked the worst injury usually results on the elm, on which the 

 leaves are often badly eaten. The damage noticed on truck crops, oats, 

 wheat, alfalfa, and red clover has been a slight feeding on the leaves. 

 The larvae, however, on one occasion were noticed eating their way 

 into the tops of onion plants that were growing between rows of 

 apple trees that had been defoliated by this species. Another case 

 at the same place was noticed where a small cedar tree was nearly 

 stripped of its leaves by these larvae, and the tree was covered by 

 webs. Roses are seriously injured at times, as the larvae not only 

 feed on the foliage but gnaw into the flower buds and prevent their 

 proper development. 



67331°— Bull. 116—13 2 



