THE FRUIT-TREE LEAF-ROLLER. 



97 



THE PUPA. 



The pupa is rather variable in size. The average dimensions of 

 10 pupae were found to be 10.3 by 3.1 mm. The general color of the 

 pupa when first formed is an olive green, but later changes to a light 

 brown and finally to a dark brown. The entire ventral surface, 

 including the head and thoracic regions, is of a dark-brown color and 

 the remainder of the pupa is of a much lighter brown. The wing 

 sheaths are rather broad, extending about one-half the total length 

 of the pupa. Just ventral to the spiracles on each side of the abdo- 

 men are two short seta?. On each abdominal segment, from the 

 third to the last, on the ventral portion is a pronounced chitinous 

 serrated ridge. The second abdominal segment has traces of one of 

 these ridges. The posterior end of the pupa is supplied with a well- 

 developed cremaster. (PL XII, fig. 3.) 



LIFE HISTORY AND HABITS. 



The life-history records were obtained at Canon City, Colo., during 

 the season of 1912 in an open-air insectary or shelter in which glass 

 jars were used as rearing cages. In all cases apple foliage was used 

 as food for the larvae. 



LARVAL STAGE. 



The hatching of the larvae extended over a period of 12 days. The 

 earliest larvae hatched April 27 and the latest ones on May 9. As 

 soon as the larvae hatch from the eggs they gnaw their way through 

 the protective covering which the females deposit over the egg masses 

 during oviposition. The duration of the larval period showed a 

 considerable variation. The number of days spent in the larval stage 

 for 203 individuals is shown in the following table: 



Table I. — Length of larval stage of the fruit-tree leaf roller, Canon City, Colo., 1912. 



Dale 



larvae 



hatched. 



Number 

 of larvse 

 under ob- 

 servation 

 thai: trans- 

 formed to 

 pupa?. 



Larvae pupatin 



2 in 



spec 



ified 



day 



s from lime of hatching. 



24 



25 



26 



07 



2S 



29 



3(1 



31 



32 



33 



34 



, 



Total 

 num- 

 ber of 

 days. 



Apr. 27 



21 

 23 

 20 

 20 

 23 

 23 

 2.5 

 23 

 25 















8 



7 

 3 



: 



5 



3 

 2 



6 

 3 



2 



1 

 2 



1 



1 



1 





...do 













2 



•5 

 2 

 2 



1 

 1 

 1 

 1 



1 



Apr. 29 

 Mav 2 

 May 3 

 May 4 

 May 7 

 May 8 

 May 9 











1 

 5 

 5 



"2 



3 



4 







3 



9 

 9 



8 

 8 



5 



4 



4 

 7 

 5 

 5 



1 



*i 



2 

 1 

 2 



2 



5 



4 

 5 































! 







































203 



6 



23 



44 



30 

 I 



2(1 



15 



» 



17 



11 



4 



3 



1 



5,696 



Average time for all individuals. 2S.0.5 days. 



