THE FRUIT-TREE LEAF-ROLLER. 101 



remainder of their eggs. This restless habit of the females may 

 account for the many small egg masses that are found in the orchard. 

 The eggs are usually laid at night. Moths have, however, been seen 

 laying eggs as early in the evening as 5.30. 



SUMMARY OF LIFE HISTORY. 



The larval stage in the material under observation varied from 

 24 to 35 days, the average being 28.05 days; the pupal stage from 9 

 to 15 days, the average being 11.25 days; and the adult or moth stage 

 from 2 to 3 days for the males and 3 to 4 days for the females. The 

 life of the moths is probably longer than this under normal condi- 

 tions. Females were depositing eggs between 2 and 3 days after 

 emergence. In the field (under Colorado conditions) the period of 

 egg laying extended from about the second week in June to the middle 

 of July, the maximum being reached from June 25 to July 10. The 

 eggs remain on the trees unhatched until the following spring. 

 Hence this insect has only one generation in the course of a } r ear. 

 The hatching of the eggs in the spring may extend over a period of 

 many days, depending on the weather. The time of hatching of 

 the eggs will vary greatly with the different seasons and in different 

 sections of the country. Generally speaking, it may be stated that 

 the eggs will begin hatching about the time the cluster buds of early- 

 blooming varieties of apples are beginning to show, but before they 

 have fully separated. 



HIBERNATION. 



The fruit-tree leaf-roller passes the winter in the egg stage. The 

 eggs are deposited in masses on various parts of the host plants by 

 females during June or July. The trunks and larger limbs or branches 

 are often just "peppered" with them. A goodly number are also 

 to be found on the smaller branches, twigs, and fruit spurs. Egg 

 masses are, however, not only laid on fruit trees, but on various 

 other plants. The writer has observed them on elm, soft maple, 

 box-elder, currant, gooseberry, raspberry, grape, rose, lilac, and 

 Virginia creeper. Besides the above plants, the masses have been 

 noticed on spray tanks, on sides of buildings, and on fences. On 

 account of the indiscriminate deposition of its eggs this insect will 

 be found to be more difficult of control. 



Observations have shown that the eggs begin hatching quite early 

 in the spring just as the cluster buds on early blooming varieties of 

 apples are exposed. About the time that practically all the cluster 

 buds have fully separated nearly one-half of the eggs have hatched. 

 On late-blooming varieties of apples, such as Rome Beauty, Jeniton, 

 etc., the date of appearance of the larva? is the same, although the 

 buds are not nearly so far advanced. On Rome Beauty and Jeniton 



