THE FRUIT-TREE LEAF-ROLLER. 109 



miscible oils. The ease with which sprays may be prepared from 

 these last commend themtomany orchardists although the homemade 

 emulsions are cheaper. In preparing a kerosene or crude-petroleum 

 emulsion care is necessary to insure a thorough and stable emulsion. 



It should be stated that injury to trees treated with oils sometimes 

 follows, although no such injury was noted in connection with the 

 present experiments. Xo more spray should be used than is neces- 

 sary properly to treat the tree, and the puddling of oil around the 

 crown should be guarded against. 



Lime-sulphur solutions proved to be a decided failure as a destroyer 

 of the egg masses. Strengths ranging from 1 gallon of lime-sulphur 

 to 7 gallons of water to 1 gallon of lime-sulphur to 10 gallons of water 

 were spra} r ed on apple trees and no benefit was derived from 

 their use. 



RECOMMENDATIONS FOR CONTROL. 



Experimental work has shown that the best method for controlling 

 the fruit-tree leaf-roller is by a very thorough application of a mis- 

 cible oil at the rate of 1 gallon to 15 gallons of water during the dor- 

 mant season. It must be understood that by thoroughness of appli- 

 cation is meant the use of enough material to cover all parts of the 

 tree, from the tip of the highest or smallest branch to the very base 

 of the trunk. In order to do thorough work the trees must neces- 

 sarily be spra}^ed from all directions. It is very often the case that 

 the top branches or those around the inside are missed by the man 

 operating the rod. It must be remembered that only those egg masses 

 actually hit or covered with the material will fail to hatch and those 

 missed will surely hatch out "worms" in the spring to feed upon 

 the trees. Orchardists should realize that thorough spraying with 

 the right material and at the proper time pays well, but careless, 

 haphazard work gives disappointing returns. 



All plants upon which eggs have been laid should be sprayed. 

 Besides fruit trees, egg masses may be found on various shade trees, 

 shrubs, and currant, gooseberry, raspberry, and rose bushes, etc. 

 Eggs will also be found on buildings, spray outfits, wagons, fences, 

 etc., and it is recommended that these egg masses be crushed so far 

 as is practicable. 



The best time to spray is just before the buds burst in the spring. 

 Late spring is preferable to early spring, as weather conditions are 

 usually more favorable. There is also less likelihood of injury to the 

 trees by the oil after the sap has begun to flow with considerable 

 pressure. Spraying should not be done during threatening weather. 

 Orchardists should bear in mind that the strength of miscible oil 

 recommended is for a dormant spray and should never be applied to 

 trees in foliage. Spraying should be completed in the spring before 



