40 PAPEES OH CEREAL AND FORAGE INSECTS. 



In experiments conducted by Dr. Forbes in 1888 a bugs buried 

 with wheat at a depth of 6 inches were alive after five days and some 

 buried 5 inches came to the surface. The earth was packed over 

 these to imitate rolling. 



E. M. Shelton, 5 from observations in Kansas, writes: 



Chinch bugs plowed under with young«wheat to a depth of 8 inches May 9-10 — the 

 ground afterwards harrowed and repeatedly rolled — nevertheless emerged in enormous 

 numbers (some having apparently hatched in the earth), escaped from the plots and 

 attacked adjacent crops. 



Because of the wheat being winter-killed in central and southern 

 Kansas and northern Oklahoma during the winter of 1909 and 1910 

 many of the wheat fields containing young and old bugs and eggs 

 were listed during April, at the time when the eggs were hatching. 

 In many cases corn was listed directly into the wheat ground, tear- 

 ing up the young wheat, but not entirely destroying all of it between 

 the rows of corn. The eggs and young bugs were buried from 1 to 

 6 inches. The undestroyed wheat was soon covered with young 

 bugs, which afterwards attacked the corn as soon as it appeared 

 above the ground. 



Even in fields where no wheat was visible after listing the corn 

 was entirely destroyed. There is every reason, the authors believe, 

 for presuming that the eggs hatched beneath the ground, and the 

 young, after feeding there, had found their way to the surface and 

 to the corn. Corn listed in fallow ground was free from bugs. 

 Planting of corn in wheat fields badly infested with chinch bugs is 

 not advisable, and is generally attended by the complete destruction 

 of the corn. When a badly infested crop is plowed under it should 

 be followed by a crop not affected by chinch bugs, such as cowpeas, 

 soy beans, alfalfa, or clover. Plowing the bugs under as a means of 

 destruction is not recommended unless in connection with a trap 

 crop, the work being thoroughly done and followed by harrowing 

 and rolling or otherwise packing the surface of the ground. 



PARASITIC FUNGI. 

 EARLY OBSERVATIONS. 



The susceptibility of the chinch bug to a contagious fungous disease 

 was first observed by Dr. Henry Shimer in Illinois in 1865. Since 

 that time two fungi have been found, which are credited with being 

 fatal to this insect. These have been determined as EntomopJiihora 

 apliidis Hoffman, and Sporotrichum globuliferum Speg. Of these two 

 fungi, Sporotrichum (known by farmers as u fungous disease " or 

 "white fungus") appears the most abundant in localities badly 



a 16th Kept., State Ent. 111., p. 45. 

 b Bui. No. 4, Kans. Agr. Exp. Sta. 



